learning Flashcards
aim of learning theories practical
The aim of this naturalistic experiment was investigate the differences in behaviour of adults with children and without children whilst crossing the road at a set of traffic lights
hypotheses of practical observation
HA- there will be a significant difference between safe crossing (safe and unsafe crossing operationalised by the green cross code) between adults crossing the road with children and adults crossing the road without children
HO- Any significant difference between safe crossing (safe and unsafe crossing operationalised by the green cross code) between adults crossing the road with children and adults crossing the road without children will be due to chance.
Behaviour modification definition
When rewards or punishments are planned so that certain behaviour are produced and others are dropped
Shaping definition
A term used for using operant conditioning in the form of rewards or punishments to form a complex behaviour which would not naturally occur.
Token economy definition
A treatment method that provides secondary reinforcement for a desirable behaviour that can be saved up or exchanged for a primary reinforcer.
McGrath et al- evidence for systematic desensitisation
McGrath et al (1990) found that 75% of individuals with phobias respond to this therapy
Capafons- evidence for systematic desensitisation
Found that it was effective for fear of flying.
Nasa et al- shaping
Found that behavioural shaping was successful in supporting an 11 year old child with ADHD focus on tasks.
One weakness of shaping
Shaping the behaviour of an individual to a desired behaviour in order to comply with a certain societal standard can be considered ethically and morally unacceptable. This is because it is a manipulation of behaviour that the individual is trying to control so it is a form of social control.
Paul and Lentz- token economy
Found that a token economy was effective for patients with schizophrenia.
Wolpe- flooding therapy
Found that flooding was an effective treatment as he took a girl who was afraid of cars and drove her around until she became calm.
Capafons- what was the score of the treatment group on the EMV scale before and after treatment?
Before treatment was an average of 25.6 whilst after treatment the average was 13.25 which indicated significant changes and reduction in the fear response.
how cool was the room and how far away was the chair positioned from the TV in the first stage of the treatment?
The temperature of the room was 22.5 and the armchair was positioned 1.8m away from the TV.
how many children were in each of the Bandura experiments?
-72 children
-96 children
-66 children
