Learning Flashcards
A key factor in determining whether or not extinction will occur is:
a) the passage of time
b) whether punishment has been used during the learning trials or not
c) the repeated presentation of the CS without the UCS
c) the repeated presentation of the CS without the UCS
A mother has been continually nagging her daughter about how messy her room is. Finally, the daughter gets so tired of her mother’s complaints that she cleans her room, thus stopping the nagging. Given that the withdrawal of the nagging strengthened the room cleaning behaviour, the nagging would be considered a(n):
a) Negative reinforcer
b) Positive reinforcer
c) Aversive Punishment
d) Responsive cost punishment
a) Negative reinforcer
An advantage of using operational definitions is that
a) Other researchers will usually agree with these definitions
b) They let other researchers know exactly how variables have been manipulated or measured
c) They automatically generate the relevant dependent and independent variables
d) They are consistent with the law of parsimony
b) They let other researchers know exactly how variables have been manipulated or measured
A(n) __________ defines a variable in terms of the specific procedures used to measure it
a) dependent variable
b) independent variable
c) operational definition
d) archival measure
c) operational definition
A(n) _______ is a formal set of statements that explains why and how certain events are related to one another
a) hypothesis
b) specific prediction
c) theory
d) operational definition
c) theory
When Olivia makes rude noises at the dinner table, she gets her mouth washed out with soap. She doesn’t make rude noises that often anymore. This is an example of?
Positive Punishment
Little Joey gets yelled at when he acts up in class. Now he’s acting up even more. This is an example of?
Positive Reinforcement
Because Tameka earned an A in each of her classes, she doesn’t have to do her usual chore of vacuuming this month. She’s studying even more now? This is an example of?
Negative reinforcement
Ray came home past his curfew, so he was not allowed to drive for the following week. He hasn’t missed a curfew since. This is an example of?
Negative punishment
Maria put in extra hours at work helping her boss finish a major project. She received a big bonus for her contributions. She’s now looking for other ways to contribute at work. This is an example of?
Positive reinforcement
Chandler’s girlfriend Monica, keeps bugging him to take her dancing. He finally agrees, and she quits bugging him, he quickly agrees to do whatever it is. Chandler’s behaviour is changing because of?
Negative reinforcement
When Thuy and Gurpreet were running around the living room, they crashed into the Xbox, breaking it. They no longer run through the living room, because of?
Negative punishment
Monica’s boyfriend, Chandler, gives in when she starts bugging him about something. Now whenever she wants something, she just starts bugging him. Monica’s behaviour is changing because of?
Positive reinforcement
A dog watches out the window to bark at the postal carrier who arrives every morning promptly at 10:05.
Fixed Interval
A blueberry picker receives $1 after filling 3 pint boxes.
Fixed Ratio
Checking the oven to see if chocolate chip cookies are done, when baking time is known.
Fixed Interval
A baseball player gets a hit approximately every third time at bat.
Variable Ratio
A hotel maid may take a 15-minute break only after having cleaned three rooms.
Fixed Ratio
Buying state lottery tickets and sometimes winning.
Variable Ratio
A student’s final grade improves one level for every three book reviews submitted
Fixed Ratio
Repeatedly callings a garage mechanic to see if your car is fixed yet. (Assume that the calls have no impact on your mechanic’s behaviour)
Variable Interval
A charitable organization makes an average of 10 phone calls for every donation it receives.
Variable Ratio
A charitable organization makes an average of 10 phone calls for every donation it receives.
