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Psych1001 > Learning > Flashcards

Learning Flashcards

1
Q

Define Learning

A

Any relatively durable change in behaviour/knowledge due to experience (habituation/dishabituation)

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2
Q

Who is the theorist behind Classical Conditioning?

A

Ivan Pavlov

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3
Q

What are the terms associated with Classical Conditioning?

A

Unconditioned Stimulus, Unconditioned response, Conditioned Stimulus and Conditioned response.

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4
Q

What are the main 5 processes in Classical Conditioning?

A

Acquisition, Extinction, Spontaneous Recovery, Stimulus Generalization and Discrimination.

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5
Q

Who are the main theorists associated with Operant Conditioning?

A

B.F Skinner and Edward L Thorndike

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6
Q

What are the 3 main ideas within Operant Conditioning?

A

Behaviour - Consequences - Effect on Behaviour

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7
Q

What is Edward L. Thorndike’s most famous work?

A

The Law of Effect (1913)

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8
Q

What is B.F Skinner’s most famous work?

A

The Skinner Box (1953) - Principle of Reinforcement

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9
Q

What are the 4 main processes associated with Operant Conditioning?

A

Acquisition, Extinction, Shaping, Stimulus Control (discrimination & generalization)

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10
Q

Who is the main theorist associated with Observational Learning?

A

Albert Bandura

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11
Q

What are the 4 main processes associated with Observational Learning?

A

Attention, Retention, Reproduction and Motivation

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12
Q

Define Acquisition

A

The initial stage of learning something.

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13
Q

Define Extinction

A

Gradual weakening + disappearance of a conditioned response tendency.

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14
Q

Define Stimulus Generalization

A

Response to stimuli other than the stimuli used in conditioning.

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15
Q

Define Stimulus Discrimination

A

Response to stimuli that is similar to the conditioning stimuli.

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16
Q

What do primary reinforcers satisfy?

A

Biological needs.

17
Q

What do secondary reinforcers do?

A

Help conditioned reinforcement

18
Q

Define a Fixed Ratio Schedule

A

The reinforcer is given after a fixed number of non-reinforced responses.

19
Q

Define Variable-Ratio Schedules

A

The reinforcer is given after a variable number of non-reinforced responses.

20
Q

What is the difference between positive and negative reinforcment?

A

Positive - rewarding stimulus

Negative - removal of the aversive stimulus

21
Q

What are two side effects of physical punishment?

A

Negative outcomes and makes the punishment consistent

22
Q

What is associated with the brain within observational learning?

A

Mirror Neurons

23
Q

What was used to influct fear on Little Albert?

A

A loud clanging noise (UCS)

24
Q

What is the summary of the Skinner box experiment?

A

Rewards - Increase behaviour

Punishments - Decrease behaviour

25
Q

Which two adult models are used in the Bobo Doll experiment?

A

One agressive and One non-violent

Psych1001 (3 decks)

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