learn mem 2 Flashcards
Define working memory
Limited capacity system that stores and manipulates information currently being used
Approximate time window of short term memory
18 seconds
“Our window to the present”
short term memory
Define episodic, semantic, and procedural memory
Episodic memory- experiences
semantic memory- memory for facts
procedural memory-how to perform actions (riding bike etc)
define consolidation
stabilization of memory over time
MRI revealed that HM’s ______ was intact on both sides. His ______ were destroyed
posterior hippocampus
anterior hippocampus, perirhinal cortex, entorhinal cortex,
HM performed same as control subjects on the digit span test until the number ______, where long term memory begins to come into play
Seven
After seven digits, digit span test requires LTM
Describe RB’s circumstances and amnesia
RB suffered ischemia to the brain during heart surgery, and consequently suffered anterograde amnesia similar to that of HM
RB’s hippocampus was still intact, but his _____ subfield was damaged. This subfield is vulnerable to ischemia
CA1 subfield was damaged in RB
Studies in humans lack _______ to identify structures involved in memory
experimental control
This test assesses explicit long term memory in primates and rodents
delayed non match to sample
Monkeys are pretrained for DMNS test by
Habituating them to apparatus
Taught to retrieve food from wells
Taught to push objects off of food wells
Explain the three phases of the DNMS test
- Sample phase
- Object over food well
- monkey pushes object off well and gets food - Delay phase
- wall/screen comes down and impairs monkey’s visual of wells
- duration of delay - test phase
- original object, and original object are placed over wells
- food is always under the unfamiliar object
- monkey learns to remember old object and pick unfamilar object using LTM
HM’s long term memory impairments are failures in __?
Consolidation
Consolidation relies on ____
hippocampus
Over time, memory becomes more reliant on _____ than hippocampus
Cortex
MTL amnesia is mild retrograde and full anterograde because
recent memories not consolidated, older ones are (Cortex)
Regions of brain involved in procedural memory
Cerebellum, basal ganglia, M1
Rats with HC lesions are _______ in the water maze test
unable to learn spatial cues
Granule cells are
A type of interneuron in dentate gyrus
ca1 and ca3 are composed of
Pyramidal neurons
What is the mossy fiber pathway
unmyelinated axons that connect granule cells to ca3
schaffer collateral pway
ca3->ca1, ca1 projects to fornix
fornix function
major input/output pathway of hippocampus
fornix projects to
thalamus , mamillary bodies, cortex
