Learn 1: Prefix Roots Suffixes Only To Generic Names Flashcards
-afil
Drug class / category
phospho- diesterase (PDE) inhibitor
Drugs that block one or more of the five subtypes of the enzyme PDE, preventing the inactivation of the intercellular second messengers cAMP and cGMP by the respective PDE subtypes.
Ex of generics
avanafil
sildenafil
tadalafil
vardenafil
-asone
corticosteroid
Drug that lowers inflammation (swelling, itching, redness, allergic rxns) in the body. Also reduce immune system activity.
betamethasone dexamethasone diflorasone fluticasone mometasone
cort
corticosteroid
clocortolone
fludrocortisone
hydrocortisone
-olone
corticosteroid
fluocinolone
fluorometholone
prednisolone
triamcinolone
-onide
corticosteroid
budesonide ciclesonide desonide fluocinonide halcinonide
pred
pred-
corticosteroid
loteprednol
prednicarbate
prednisolone
prednisone
-bicin
antineoplastic; cytotoxic agent
Drugs that treat cancers, also called anti cancer, chemotherapy, chemo, cytotoxic, hazardous drugs.
doxorubicin
epirubicin
idarubicin
valrubicin
-tinib
antineoplastic (kinase inhibitor)
Drugs that treat cancer, a substance that blocks a type of enzyme called kinase. Kinase help control cell functions such as signaling, metabolism, division, and survival.
crizotinib dasatinib erlotinib gefitinib imatinib
-bital
barbituate
Sedative, sleep inducing
butabarbital
butalbital
phenobarbital
secobarbital
-caine
local anesthetic
Absence of pain medication
bupivacaine lidocaine mepivacaine prilocaine proparacaine
cef-
ceph-
cephalosporin antibiotic
Derived from mold, its bactericidal, similar to penicillin
cefaclor cefdinir cefixime cefprozil cephalexin
-cillin
penicillin antibiotic
Antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections, but has side effects
amoxicillin ampicillin dicloxacillin naficillin oxacillin
-cycline
tetracycline antibiotic
Treats infection caused by bacteria
demeclocycline
doxycycline
minocycline
tetracycline
-floxacin
quinolone antibiotic
Broad spectrum bacteriocidal, treat infections
besifloxacin ciprofloxacin levofloxacin moxifloxacin ofloxacin
-mycin
antibiotic:
antibacterial
azithromycin
clarithromycin
clindamycin
erythromycin
sulfa-
antibiotic;
antinfective: used to prevent infection
antinflammatory
sulfacetamide
sulfadiazine
sulfamethoxazole
sulfasalazine
-dazole
-anthelmintic:
used to destroy parasitic worms
-antibiotic;
-antibacterial
albendazole
mebendazole
metronidazole
tinidazole
-dipine
calcium channel blocker
Drugs used to lower blood pressure, slows calcium movement into cells of the heart and blood vessels making it easier for heart to pump and widens blood vessels
amlodipine felodipine nifedipine nimodipine nisoldipine
-dronate
biphosphonate: bone resorption inhibitor
prevents loss of bone density
bone resorption inhibitor
alendronate
etidronate
ibandronate
risendronate
-eprazole
proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
Reduce the amount of stomach acid
Used to treat GERD, Pericles ulcers, H.pylori
esomeprazole
omeprazole
rabeprazole
-fenac
NSAID
Treats inflammation, pain, fever,
bromfenac
diclofenac
nepafanac
-gliptin
antdiabetic;
inhibitor of the DPP-4 enzyme
helps control level of glucose in the blood
Includes insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents.
saxagliptin
sitagliptin
linagliptin
-glitazone
antidiabetic;
thiazolidine- dione
Designed to treat type 2 diabetes
pioglitazine
rosiglitazone
troglitazone
-iramine
antihistamine
Treats allergies
brompheniramine
chlorpheniramine
pheniramine
-tadine
antihistamnie
Treats allergies
cyproheptadine
desloratadine
loratadine
olopatadine
-lamide
carbonic anyhydrase inhibitor
treats glaucoma, seizure disorders, acute mountain sickness. This encourages solubilization and excretion of Utica acid
Also treats gout
acetazolamide
brinzolamide
dorzolamide
methazolamide
-mab
monoclonal antibody
Lab made proteins that mimic the immune systems ability to fight off harmful pathogens such as viruses.
adalimumab daclizumab infliximab omalizumab trastuzumab
-mustine
alkylating agent ( antineoplastic)
Work by adding an alkyl group to the guanine base of the DNA molecules preventing the strands of the double helix from linking, stops cancer cell from multiplying.
carmustine
estramustine
lomustine
bendamustine
-nacin
muscarinic antagonist(anticholinergic)
MRAs competitively block the cholinergic response manifested by acetylcholine binding muscarinic receptors on excorine glandular cells, cardiac muscle cells, and smooth muscle cells
darifenacin
solifeacin
-nazole
antifungal
also antimycotic , fungicide treats and prevents mycosis such as athletes foot, ringworm, Candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis
fluconazole ketoconazole miconazole terconazole tioconazole
-olol
beta blocker
Also beta-adrenergic blocking agents, reduce blood pressure. Work by blocking the effects of the hormone epinephrine (adrenaline). Causes heart to beat slowly with less force
atenolol metropolol nadolol pindolol propanolol timilol
-olone
anabolic steroid
synthetic or human made variations of the male sex hormone testosterone
Anabolic: muscle building
Androgenic: increased male sex characteristics
nandrolone
oxandrolone
oxymetholone
-oprazole
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
Used to treat GERD, peptic ulcers, H.pylori.
dexlansoprazole
lansoprazole
pantoprazole
parin
-parin
antithrombotic
anticoagulant (blood thinner)
dalteparin enoxaparin fondaparinux heparin tinzaparin
-phylline
xanthine derivative (bronchodialator)
resemble natural occurring xanthines such as caffeine, theobromine, methylxanthines, these are plant alkaloids and components of coffee, tea and chocolate
aminophylline
dyphylline
oxtriphylline
theophylline
-pramine
trycilic antidepressant (TCA)
clomipramine
desipramine
imipramine
trimipramine
-pril
ACE inhibitor
angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, slow the activity of the enzyme ACE, decreasing the production of angiotensin ll, displaying blood vessels and reducing blood pressure.
benazepril captopril enalapril lisinopril moexipril ramipril
-profen
NSAID
fenoprofen
flurbiprofen
ibuprofen
ketoprofen
-ridone
atypical antipshycotic
Block certain chemical receptors in the brain and relieve psychotic disorder symptoms
iloperidone
paliperidone
risperidone
-sartan
angiotensin II receptor antagonist; ARB
Block angiotensin Il action by preventing binding to its receptors on the muscles surrounding blood vessels, dilating ,reducing blood pressure
candesrtan irbesartan losartan olmesartan valsartan
-semide
loop diuretic (water pill)
Act at the ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidney. Used to treat hypertension and edema due to congestive heart failure or chronic kidney disease. When fluid accumulates in the body due to heart not pumping blood around the body as well
furosemide
torsemide
-thiazide
thiazide diuretic (water pill)
Increases urine flow, act directly on the kidneys and promote diuresis (urine flow) by inhibiting sodium/ chloride cotransporter located in the distal convoluted tubule of a nephron
chlorothiazide
hydrochlorothyazide
methyclothyazide
-setron
serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist
Used for the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by chemo, radiation or post op.
alosetron dolasetron granisetron ondansetron palonosetron
-setron
antiemetic; antinauseant
dolasetron
granisetron
ondansetron
palonosetron
-statin
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor; statins
Used adjunctively to diet and exercise to treat hyper cholesterolemia by lowering TC total cholesterol, LDL-C, TG, while increasing HDL-C conc.
atorvastatin lovastatin pitavastatin pravastatin rosuvastatin simvastatin
-terol
beta agonist; bronchodialator
Relaxes muscles of the airway to make breathing easier
albuterol arformoterol formoterol levalbuterol salmeterol
-trel
female hormone (progestin)
Synthetic progestogen, birth control, and menopausal hormone therapy.
desogestrel
etonogestrel
levonorgestrel
norgestrel
tretin-
tretin
-tretin
retinoid; dermatologic agent; form of vit A
For acne
acitretin
alitretinoin
isotretinoin
tretinoin
-triptan
antimigraine; selective 5-HT receptor agonist
Reduce the effects or intensity of migraine headache
almotriptan eletriptan rizatriptan sumatriptan zolmitriptan
-tyline
tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)
amitriptyline
nortriptyline
protriptyline
-zodone
antidepressant
nefazodone
trazodone
vilazodone
- tadine
anti viral
inti influenza A
Kills or suppresses ability for virus to replicate
amantidine
rimantidine
vir
-vir
anti viral; anti-HIV
abacavir efavirenz enfuvirtide nevirapine ritonavir tenofovir
vir
-vir
anti viral;
anti- hepatitis
adefovir entecavir ribavirin (along with interferon)
-vir
antiviral;
anti herpes
acyclovir
famciclovir
penciclovir
valacyclovir
-vir
antiviral;
anti-CMV
Anticytomegalovirus
cidofovir
ganciclovir
valganciclovir
-vir
anti viral;
anti flu
oseltamivir
zanamivir
-vudine
anti viral;
nucleoside analogues
Synthetic, block cellular division of virus
lamivudine
stavudine
telbividine
zidovudine
-zepam
benzodiazepine
Tranquilizers
clonozepam diazepam flurazepam lorazepam temazepam
-zolam
benzodiazepine
Tranquilizers
alprazolam
estazolam
midazolam
triazolam
