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Pharmacology > Learn 1: Prefix Roots Suffixes Only To Generic Names > Flashcards

Learn 1: Prefix Roots Suffixes Only To Generic Names Flashcards

1
Q

-afil

A

Drug class / category
phospho- diesterase (PDE) inhibitor

Drugs that block one or more of the five subtypes of the enzyme PDE, preventing the inactivation of the intercellular second messengers cAMP and cGMP by the respective PDE subtypes.

Ex of generics

avanafil
sildenafil
tadalafil
vardenafil

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2
Q

-asone

A

corticosteroid
Drug that lowers inflammation (swelling, itching, redness, allergic rxns) in the body. Also reduce immune system activity.

betamethasone
dexamethasone
diflorasone
fluticasone
mometasone
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3
Q

cort

A

corticosteroid

clocortolone
fludrocortisone
hydrocortisone

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4
Q

-olone

A

corticosteroid

fluocinolone
fluorometholone
prednisolone
triamcinolone

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5
Q

-onide

A

corticosteroid

budesonide
ciclesonide
desonide
fluocinonide
halcinonide
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6
Q

pred

pred-

A

corticosteroid

loteprednol
prednicarbate
prednisolone
prednisone

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7
Q

-bicin

A

antineoplastic; cytotoxic agent

Drugs that treat cancers, also called anti cancer, chemotherapy, chemo, cytotoxic, hazardous drugs.

doxorubicin
epirubicin
idarubicin
valrubicin

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8
Q

-tinib

A

antineoplastic (kinase inhibitor)

Drugs that treat cancer, a substance that blocks a type of enzyme called kinase. Kinase help control cell functions such as signaling, metabolism, division, and survival.

crizotinib
dasatinib
erlotinib
gefitinib
imatinib
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9
Q

-bital

A

barbituate

Sedative, sleep inducing

butabarbital
butalbital
phenobarbital
secobarbital

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10
Q

-caine

A

local anesthetic

Absence of pain medication

bupivacaine 
lidocaine
mepivacaine
prilocaine
proparacaine
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11
Q

cef-

ceph-

A

cephalosporin antibiotic

Derived from mold, its bactericidal, similar to penicillin

cefaclor
cefdinir
cefixime
cefprozil
cephalexin
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12
Q

-cillin

A

penicillin antibiotic

Antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections, but has side effects

amoxicillin
ampicillin
dicloxacillin
naficillin
oxacillin
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13
Q

-cycline

A

tetracycline antibiotic

Treats infection caused by bacteria

demeclocycline
doxycycline
minocycline
tetracycline

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14
Q

-floxacin

A

quinolone antibiotic

Broad spectrum bacteriocidal, treat infections

besifloxacin
ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin
moxifloxacin
ofloxacin
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15
Q

-mycin

A

antibiotic:
antibacterial

azithromycin
clarithromycin
clindamycin
erythromycin

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16
Q

sulfa-

A

antibiotic;
antinfective: used to prevent infection
antinflammatory

sulfacetamide
sulfadiazine
sulfamethoxazole
sulfasalazine

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17
Q

-dazole

A

-anthelmintic:
used to destroy parasitic worms
-antibiotic;
-antibacterial

albendazole
mebendazole
metronidazole
tinidazole

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18
Q

-dipine

A

calcium channel blocker

Drugs used to lower blood pressure, slows calcium movement into cells of the heart and blood vessels making it easier for heart to pump and widens blood vessels

amlodipine
felodipine 
nifedipine
nimodipine
nisoldipine
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19
Q

-dronate

A

biphosphonate: bone resorption inhibitor
prevents loss of bone density
bone resorption inhibitor

alendronate
etidronate
ibandronate
risendronate

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20
Q

-eprazole

A

proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

Reduce the amount of stomach acid
Used to treat GERD, Pericles ulcers, H.pylori

esomeprazole
omeprazole
rabeprazole

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21
Q

-fenac

A

NSAID

Treats inflammation, pain, fever,

bromfenac
diclofenac
nepafanac

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22
Q

-gliptin

A

antdiabetic;
inhibitor of the DPP-4 enzyme

helps control level of glucose in the blood
Includes insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents.

saxagliptin
sitagliptin
linagliptin

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23
Q

-glitazone

A

antidiabetic;
thiazolidine- dione

Designed to treat type 2 diabetes

pioglitazine
rosiglitazone
troglitazone

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24
Q

-iramine

A

antihistamine

Treats allergies

brompheniramine
chlorpheniramine
pheniramine

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25
Q

-tadine

A

antihistamnie

Treats allergies

cyproheptadine
desloratadine
loratadine
olopatadine

26
Q

-lamide

A

carbonic anyhydrase inhibitor

treats glaucoma, seizure disorders, acute mountain sickness. This encourages solubilization and excretion of Utica acid
Also treats gout

acetazolamide
brinzolamide
dorzolamide
methazolamide

27
Q

-mab

A

monoclonal antibody

Lab made proteins that mimic the immune systems ability to fight off harmful pathogens such as viruses.

adalimumab
daclizumab
infliximab
omalizumab
trastuzumab
28
Q

-mustine

A

alkylating agent ( antineoplastic)

Work by adding an alkyl group to the guanine base of the DNA molecules preventing the strands of the double helix from linking, stops cancer cell from multiplying.

carmustine
estramustine
lomustine
bendamustine

29
Q

-nacin

A

muscarinic antagonist(anticholinergic)

MRAs competitively block the cholinergic response manifested by acetylcholine binding muscarinic receptors on excorine glandular cells, cardiac muscle cells, and smooth muscle cells

darifenacin
solifeacin

30
Q

-nazole

A

antifungal

also antimycotic , fungicide treats and prevents mycosis such as athletes foot, ringworm, Candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis

fluconazole
ketoconazole
miconazole
terconazole
tioconazole
31
Q

-olol

A

beta blocker

Also beta-adrenergic blocking agents, reduce blood pressure. Work by blocking the effects of the hormone epinephrine (adrenaline). Causes heart to beat slowly with less force

atenolol
metropolol
nadolol
pindolol
propanolol
timilol
32
Q

-olone

A

anabolic steroid

synthetic or human made variations of the male sex hormone testosterone
Anabolic: muscle building
Androgenic: increased male sex characteristics

nandrolone
oxandrolone
oxymetholone

33
Q

-oprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

Used to treat GERD, peptic ulcers, H.pylori.

dexlansoprazole
lansoprazole
pantoprazole

34
Q

parin

-parin

A

antithrombotic
anticoagulant (blood thinner)

dalteparin
enoxaparin
fondaparinux
heparin
tinzaparin
35
Q

-phylline

A

xanthine derivative (bronchodialator)

resemble natural occurring xanthines such as caffeine, theobromine, methylxanthines, these are plant alkaloids and components of coffee, tea and chocolate

aminophylline
dyphylline
oxtriphylline
theophylline

36
Q

-pramine

A

trycilic antidepressant (TCA)

clomipramine
desipramine
imipramine
trimipramine

37
Q

-pril

A

ACE inhibitor

angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, slow the activity of the enzyme ACE, decreasing the production of angiotensin ll, displaying blood vessels and reducing blood pressure.

benazepril
captopril
enalapril
lisinopril
moexipril
ramipril
38
Q

-profen

A

NSAID

fenoprofen
flurbiprofen
ibuprofen
ketoprofen

39
Q

-ridone

A

atypical antipshycotic

Block certain chemical receptors in the brain and relieve psychotic disorder symptoms

iloperidone
paliperidone
risperidone

40
Q

-sartan

A

angiotensin II receptor antagonist; ARB

Block angiotensin Il action by preventing binding to its receptors on the muscles surrounding blood vessels, dilating ,reducing blood pressure

candesrtan
irbesartan
losartan
olmesartan
valsartan
41
Q

-semide

A

loop diuretic (water pill)

Act at the ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidney. Used to treat hypertension and edema due to congestive heart failure or chronic kidney disease. When fluid accumulates in the body due to heart not pumping blood around the body as well

furosemide
torsemide

42
Q

-thiazide

A

thiazide diuretic (water pill)

Increases urine flow, act directly on the kidneys and promote diuresis (urine flow) by inhibiting sodium/ chloride cotransporter located in the distal convoluted tubule of a nephron

chlorothiazide
hydrochlorothyazide
methyclothyazide

43
Q

-setron

A

serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist

Used for the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by chemo, radiation or post op.

alosetron
dolasetron
granisetron
ondansetron
palonosetron
44
Q

-setron

A

antiemetic; antinauseant

dolasetron
granisetron
ondansetron
palonosetron

45
Q

-statin

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor; statins

Used adjunctively to diet and exercise to treat hyper cholesterolemia by lowering TC total cholesterol, LDL-C, TG, while increasing HDL-C conc.

atorvastatin
lovastatin
pitavastatin
pravastatin
rosuvastatin
simvastatin
46
Q

-terol

A

beta agonist; bronchodialator

Relaxes muscles of the airway to make breathing easier

albuterol
arformoterol
formoterol
levalbuterol
salmeterol
47
Q

-trel

A

female hormone (progestin)

Synthetic progestogen, birth control, and menopausal hormone therapy.

desogestrel
etonogestrel
levonorgestrel
norgestrel

48
Q

tretin-
tretin
-tretin

A

retinoid; dermatologic agent; form of vit A

For acne

acitretin
alitretinoin
isotretinoin
tretinoin

49
Q

-triptan

A

antimigraine; selective 5-HT receptor agonist

Reduce the effects or intensity of migraine headache

almotriptan 
eletriptan
rizatriptan
sumatriptan
zolmitriptan
50
Q

-tyline

A

tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)

amitriptyline
nortriptyline
protriptyline

51
Q

-zodone

A

antidepressant

nefazodone
trazodone
vilazodone

52
Q
  • tadine
A

anti viral
inti influenza A

Kills or suppresses ability for virus to replicate

amantidine
rimantidine

53
Q

vir

-vir

A

anti viral; anti-HIV

abacavir
efavirenz
enfuvirtide
nevirapine
ritonavir
tenofovir
54
Q

vir

-vir

A

anti viral;
anti- hepatitis

adefovir
entecavir
ribavirin (along with interferon)
55
Q

-vir

A

antiviral;
anti herpes

acyclovir
famciclovir
penciclovir
valacyclovir

56
Q

-vir

A

antiviral;
anti-CMV

Anticytomegalovirus

cidofovir
ganciclovir
valganciclovir

57
Q

-vir

A

anti viral;
anti flu

oseltamivir
zanamivir

58
Q

-vudine

A

anti viral;
nucleoside analogues

Synthetic, block cellular division of virus

lamivudine
stavudine
telbividine
zidovudine

59
Q

-zepam

A

benzodiazepine

Tranquilizers

clonozepam
diazepam
flurazepam
lorazepam
temazepam
60
Q

-zolam

A

benzodiazepine

Tranquilizers

alprazolam
estazolam
midazolam
triazolam

Pharmacology (26 decks)

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