League Of Nations 1920s

Question 1

Aims:

Answer 1

Resolve international disputes
Disarmament to prevent war
Deal with economic problems
Improve working conditions

Question 2

Structure

Answer 2

International Labour Organisation (ILO)
Permanent Court of Justice: Hague, NL
Assembly, 1 meeting per year, needs unanimous voting, only discussion
Secretariat, civil service, carried out decisions
Council, makes decisions, unanimous

Question 3

Special commissions

Answer 3

1. Mandates commission: former colonies to Fr + GB
2. Refugees Committee: helped 400,000, issued ‘Nansen Passports’
3. Slavery commission: help abolish slavery + better working conditions
4. Health Committee: fund research, collect data

Question 4

Problems at start

Answer 4

NO ARMY, could not enforce anything
hypocrisy in self determination
GB/Fr disagreed: Fr wanted strong with army, GB wanted council
Division between defeated/victorious
USA DID NOT JOIN: MOST POWERFUL ECON + COUNTRY

Question 5

International agreements

Answer 5

1. Washington conference 1921: limit USA, GB, Fr navies
2. Rapallo Treaty 1922: USSR + Ger diplomatic relations
3. Locarno Treaty 1925: Ger accepts western borders
4. Kellog-Briand Pact 1928: outlaws war

Question 6

International Agreements: helping Ger econ

Answer 6

Dawes Plan 1924: Blg + Fr withdraw from Ruhr, USA lends money to Ger
Young Plan 1929: reduces reparations and extends time
1924 Reichsmark, new currency, introduced to combat inflation

Question 7

Border disputes: FAILURES

Answer 7

Vilna, Poland 1920: LoN ignored, no army
Corfu, Greece 1923: Mussolini invaded, LoN ignored
Geneva Protocol 1924: unanimous voting, GB did not agree

Question 8

Border Disputes: SUCCESSES

Answer 8

Aaland Islands 1921, Finland/Sweden: team of diplomats gave Finland islands
Upper Silesia 1921: peaceful plebiscite (Ger won with 70%)
Greek-Bulgarian War 1925: Greece withdrew and paid £45,000 repararions

Question 9

SUCCESS: slavery problems and transport

Answer 9

200,000 slaves freed in Sierra-Leone
Organised raids against slave owners
Marked shipping lanes internationally, increased trade

Question 10

SUCCESS: refugees working conditions and health

Answer 10

Issued ‘Nansen Passport’ to 100,000s of refugees
Reduced working week to 48h
Children works less
MOST SUCCESSFUL: HEALTH: fought diseases (cholera, dysentery..)
Funded research in London and Singapore and spread good hygiene

Question 11

FAILURES GENERAL

Answer 11

Lack of funds for commissions
Members refused/ignored decisions (e.g disarmament, reduction of working week)
Could not enforce, NO ARMY
USA, worlds biggest econ power, not involved
UNANIMOUS VOTING WAS WEAK

Question 12

Council

Answer 12

Italy, Japan, Britain, France