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Biology - Tuesday 11th May 2021 > Leaf Structure > Flashcards

Leaf Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is carbon dioxide needed for?

A

Photosynthesis

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2
Q

What is oxygen needed for?

A

Respiration

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3
Q

How do gases get in and out of the leaf?

A

By diffusion through the stomata

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4
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, down a concentration gradient

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5
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

The breakdown of glucose to release energy in the presence of oxygen

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6
Q

What is the word equation for respiration?

A

Glucose + Oxygen ——–> Carbon Dioxide + Water

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7
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon Dioxide + Water ———-> Glucose + Oxygen

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8
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

The conversion of light energy into chemical energy stored in the bonds of glucose molecules made from atoms from carbon dioxide and water

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9
Q

How do air spaces in the spongy mesophyll affect gas exchange?

A

Air spaces increase the surface area to volume ratio for the carbon dioxide absorption

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10
Q

How do the guard cells affect gas exchange?

A

Allows the stomata to open and close to allow the diffusion of gases

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11
Q

How does the broad shape of the leaf affect gas exchange?

A

Increases surface area to absorb more sunlight and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis

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12
Q

How does the thin shape of the leaf affect gas exchange?

A

Shorter diffusion pathway for carbon dioxide to diffuse into the leaf cells and for oxygen to diffuse out of the leaf cells

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13
Q

How do the stomata affect gas exchange?

A

Open to allow carbon dioxide into the leaf for photosynthesis and the diffusion of oxygen and water vapour out of the leaf.

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14
Q

Where are stomata located?

A

Lower epidermis of the leaves

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15
Q

What happens to the stomata during the day?

A

The guard cells will photosynthesise meaning the water concentration inside the leaf would decrease
Water is absorbed by osmosis into the leaf and the stomata becomes turgid

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16
Q

What happens to the stomata during the night?

A

The guard cells will not photosynthesise meaning the water concentration in the leaf would increase
Water is lost from the leaf and the stomata becomes flaccid

17
Q

Does respiration take place in the day or the night?

A

All the time

18
Q

Does photosynthesis take place in the day or the night?

A

Day only because photosynthesis requires sunlight

19
Q

What indicator is used to show carbon dioxide concentration in a solution?

A

Hydrogencarbonate indicator

20
Q

What colour does hydrogencarbonate indicator go in high carbon dioxide concentrations?

A

Yellow

21
Q

What colour does hydrogencarbonate indicator go in low carbon dioxide concentrations?

A

Purple

22
Q

What colour does hydrogencarbonate indicator go in atmospheric conditions of carbon dioxide?

A

Red

23
Q

What is the relationship between temperature and photosynthesis?

A

As temperature increases, the rate of photosynthesis also increases until the temperature reaches the optimum

24
Q

What is the relationship between light intensity and photosynthesis?

A

The more light the plant receives, the faster the rate of photosynthesis

25
Q

What is the relationship between carbon dioxide concentration and photosynthesis?

A

The more carbon dioxide present, the faster the rate of photosythesis

26
Q

What is a limiting factor?

A

Something that is limiting the rate of reaction - temperature, light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration

27
Q

What is the waxy cuticle?

A

The protective layer on top of the leaf that prevents water from evaporating

28
Q

What is the upper epidermis?

A

Thin and transparent part of the leaf that allows light to penetrate the palisade cells

29
Q

What is the palisade mesophyll?

A

Cells which are tightly packed with chloroplasts to maximise photosynthesis

30
Q

What is the spongy mesophyll?

A

The part of the leaf that contains internal air spaces allowing for gas exchange by diffusion quicker

31
Q

What is the lower epidermis?

A

The part of the leaf that contains the guard cells and stomata

32
Q

What is magnesium needed for?

A

Needed to make chlorophyll - if there is a deficiency there are yellowed leaves

33
Q

What are nitrates needed for?

A

To make amino acids to build proteins and DNA - if there is a deficiency there is stunted growth

Biology - Tuesday 11th May 2021 (3 decks)

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