DNA and Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Where does transcription occur?

Answer 1

In the nucleus of a cell

Question 2

Where does translation occur?

Answer 2

Ribosomes

Question 3

What is transcription?

Answer 3

Transcription is when the base codes are transcribed onto messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 4

What is translation?

Answer 4

Translation is when the ribosome ‘reads’ the base codes on the mRNA and translates the sequence of bases into a sequence of amino acids which make up proteins

Question 5

What does transfer RNA (tRNA) do?

Answer 5

The anticodons match the complementary base pairs to the codon on the mRNA

Question 6

What is the genome?

Answer 6

The entire genetic material of an organism

Question 7

What is a gene?

Answer 7

A short length of DNA found on a chromosome that codes for a specific protein

Question 8

Where are chromosomes found?

Answer 8

In the nucleus of the cells

Question 9

What is DNA?

Answer 9

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 10

How many pairs of chromosomes are there in a human?

Answer 10

23 pairs of chromosomes

Question 11

How many chromosomes in total are there in a human?

Answer 11

46 chromosomes

Question 12

How is DNA structured?

Answer 12

A double helix

Question 13

What are nucleotides?

Answer 13

The individual units of DNA

Question 14

What are the four different bases?

Answer 14

Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine and Guanine

Question 15

What are the base pairs?

Answer 15

Adenine - Thymine

Cytosine - Guanine

Question 16

What is RNA?

Answer 16

Ribonucleic acid

Question 17

What is the structure of RNA?

Answer 17

A single strand of nucleotides

Question 18

What is the difference between the sugars of DNA and RNA?

Answer 18

RNA’s sugar is ribose whereas DNA’s sugar is deoxyribose

Question 19

What base does Uracil replace?

Answer 19

Thymine

Question 20

What is the function of tRNA?

Answer 20

To transfer the code for proteins found in DNA out of the nucleus and carry it to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm which make the proteins