LEAF MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY

Question 1

Main photosynthetic organs of plants and as the site of transpiration

Answer 1

Leaves

Question 2

Most leaves are ….
Optimal for ….

Answer 2

Thin and Flat
Diffusion of gases such as CO2 andO2

Question 3

broad, flat portion of a leaf

Answer 3

Blade

Question 4

Edge of the leaf

Answer 4

Margin

Question 5

leaflike outgrowths usually
present in pairs at the base of the petiole

Answer 5

Stipules

Question 6

veins along the midline which
usually possess the primary vein.

Answer 6

Midrib

Question 7

veins that branched out
from the primary vein

Answer 7

Secondary Vein

Question 8

emerging buds observed
between the stem and petiole

Answer 8

Auxiliary buds

Question 9

The pattern of division of a leaf into discrete components or segments is termed

Answer 9

Leaf Type

Question 10

One bearing a single continuous blade

Answer 10

Simple leaf

Question 11

Divided into two or more, discrete leaflets

Answer 11

Compund leaf

Question 12

Leaf arrangement

Answer 12

Phyllotaxy

Question 13

refers to one leaf or other structure per node (upper left).

Answer 13

Alternate

Question 14

describes two leaves or other structures per node, i.e., on opposite sides of a stem or central axis (upper right).

Answer 14

Opposite

Question 15

(opposite in two ranks) is termed for opposite leaves or other structures at right angles to preceding pair (lower left).

Answer 15

Decussate

Question 16

having three or more leaves or other structures per node (lower right).

Answer 16

Whorled

Question 17

It covers both the upper and the lower surface

Answer 17

Epidermis

Question 18

Refers to the tissue present in between the upper and lower epidermis; photosynthetic tissue of the leaf and divided into two regions

Answer 18

Mesophyll

Question 19

It lies below the upper epidermis;

Made up of elongated cells arranged vertically, forming an angle of 90′′ with the upper epidermis and these cells have numerous chloroplasts and take an active part in photosynthesis. The cells do not have intercellular spaces in between them and are closely packed.

Answer 19

Palisade mesophyll

Question 20

Lies below the palisade parenchyma

and made up of round or oval cells, which are irregularly arranged without any particular arrangement. The cells possess large intercellular spaces in between them for
gas exchange and heat dissipation

Answer 20

Spongy Mesophyll

Question 21

• These are leaves or part of the leaves that have specialized functions other than its primary purpose
• These modifications resulted to adapt their habitat, protection from predators, support the plant, attract pollinators, and more

Answer 21

Leaf Modification

Question 22

• Refer to one of the leaves resembling scales that form the sheath of a plant bud
• Protects the young buds (e.g., new leaf or apical meristem)
• Usually found in trees in temperate countries or diagnostic characteristic of a plant family (Moraceae)

Answer 22

Bud scales

Question 23

• Modified petiole or leaf stems that appear like a leaf
• Widened petiole or leaf stem function as a normal leaf for photosynthesis
• Found in Acacia and Citrus

Answer 23

Phyllode

Question 24

• Refers to the large sheathing bract enclosing the flower cluster of certain plants, especially the spadix of aroid (Araceae) and palms (Arecaceae)
• Attract pollinators particularly bright colored spathe

Answer 24

Spathe

Question 25

• Refer to the structurally a short stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases (leaf scales) • It functions as food storage organs during dormancy • Particularly in the family of Alliaceae

Answer 25

Bulb

Question 26

• Refer to a coiled and twining leaf or leaf part, usually a modified rachis or leaflet • Function for overall support of the plant particularly climbing up • Particular in Garden Peas

Answer 26

Leaf Tendril

Question 27

• Refers to the modified sharp-pointed leaf or leaf part • Function to reduce water loss and to deter herbivores •Cactaceae, Agavaceae and Bromeliaceae Family

Answer 27

Spines

Question 28

• Refer to the leaves with thick fleshy tissues • Function for water storage particularly an adaptation to arid environme

Answer 28

Succulents

Question 29

• Refers to the modification of the leaf which can produce plantlets asexually through the development of miniature plantlets at the edges of their leaves • Bryophyllum/ Kataka-taka

Answer 29

Reproductive leaf

Question 30

• Leaf modification which are brightly colored leaves • Function as a flower petal to attract pollinators • Found in plants with flowers that are inconspicuous or very small • Euphorbia red bracts Mussaenda (Donya Aurora) pinkish bracts

Answer 30

Showy Bracts

Question 31

• Leaves with modifications on their morphoanatomy that have high air spaces • Function for buoyancy on the water surface • Eichhornia/ Water hyacinth

Answer 31

Floating Leaves

Question 32

• Morphologically shaped like a container or pitcher • It bears an internal fluid and functions in the capture and digestion of insects or small animals

Answer 32

Pitfall Trap Leaves

Question 33

• Leaves with numerous, sticky, glandular hairs or bristles which are adhesive and comparable to a “flypaper” • Function in capturing and digesting insects and small animals

Answer 33

Tentacular Leaves

Question 34

• Leaves that mechanically move after being triggered, in the process capturing and digesting insects or small animals • Venus Fly Trap • Waterwheel Plant

Answer 34

Snap Trap Leaves

Question 35

Is one leaflets arranged either oppositely or alternately along central axis, the rachis

Answer 35

Pinnately compound leaf

Question 36

A pinnate leaf has a thermal leaflet or had odd numbers leaflet

Answer 36

Odd-pinnate

Question 37

Lacks terminal leaflet or have even number leaflet

Answer 37

Even-pinnate

Question 38

Compound leaf with three orders of axes

Answer 38

Tripinnate

Question 39

Compound leaf in which four or more leaflets arise from a common point

Answer 39

Palmate