Leaf adaptation

Question 1

supported by stem and petiole

Answer 1

to expose as much of the leaf as possible to the sunlight and air

Question 2

large surface area

Answer 2

to expose as large an area as possible to the sunlight and air

Question 3

thin

Answer 3

to allow sunlight to penetrate to all cells; to allow CO, to diffuse in and O, to diffuse out as quickly as possible

Question 4

stomata in lower epidermis

Answer 4

to allow CO, to diffuse in and O, to diffuse out

Question 5

air spaces in spongy mesophyll

Answer 5

to allow CO, and O2 to diffuse to and from all cells

Question 6

no chloroplasts in epidermal cells

Answer 6

to allow sunlight to penetrate to the mesophyll layer

Question 7

chloroplasts containing chlorophyll present in the mesophyll layer

Answer 7

to absorb energy from sunlight, so that CO, will combine with H2O

Question 8

palisade cells arranged end on

Answer 8

to keep as few cell walls as possible between sunlight and the chloroplasts

Question 9

chloroplasts inside palisade cells often arranged broadside on

Answer 9

to expose as much chlorophyll as possible to sunlight

Question 10

chlorophyll arranged on flat membranes inside the chloroplasts

Answer 10

to expose as much chlorophyll as possible to sunlight

Question 11

xylem vessels within short distance of every mesophyll cell

Answer 11

to supply water to the cells in the leaf, some of which will be used in photosynthesis

Question 12

phloem tubes within short distance of every mesophyll cell

Answer 12

to take away sucrose and other organic products of photosynthesis