Leading Questions

Question 1

What are leading questions?

Answer 1

Questions that make it likely for a participant’s schema to influence them to give a desired answer.

Question 2

What are commonly used to create a leading question?

Answer 2

Adverbs.

Question 3

What is an example of a leading question?

Answer 3

How fast was the car going when it smashed/bumped?

Question 4

What is misleading information?

Answer 4

Incorrect information given to the eyewitness that may alter a memory after the event.

Question 5

How does misleading information work?

Answer 5

It suggests a desired response.

Question 6

What is an example of misleading information in the form of a question?

Answer 6

What colour was the man’s tie?

Question 7

What is post-event discussion?

Answer 7

A conversation after an incident has occurred that may alter a witness’ memory by adding information.

Question 8

Why is it hard to prevent post-event discussion getting in the way of a case?

Answer 8

It can be very innocent.

Question 9

What is a key study that’s aims were to see what effect leading questions had on an eyewitness’ ability to recall information.

Answer 9

Loftus and Palmer 1974, consisted of two experiments.

Question 10

What was the first experiment by Loftus and Palmer 1974?

Answer 10

45 participants put into groups and shown short films involving car crashes, then given a questionnaire where only one question was critical.

Question 11

What was the crucial question in the first experiment in Loftus and Palmer’s study?

Answer 11

An estimation of the speed the cars were traveling at.

Question 12

How many conditions were thein the first experiment in Loftus and Palmer’s study?

Answer 12

5, differed by the wording of the crucial question.

Smart
Children
Bake
Healthy
Cookies

Question 13

What were the order of adverbs used in the crucial question in the first experiment in Loftus and Palmer’s study?

Answer 13

Smashed
Collided
Bumped
Hit
Contacted

Question 14

What was the difference in estimations of speed between ‘smashed’ and ‘contacted’ in the first experiment in Loftus and Palmer’s study?

Answer 14

9mph

Question 15

What was the second experiment by Loftus and Palmer 1974?

Answer 15

Very similar but the question asked was did you see any broken glass.

Question 16

Was there any broken glass in the second experiment in Loftus and Palmer’s study?

Answer 16

No.

Question 17

What were the results of the second experiment in Loftus and Palmer’s study?

Answer 17

The more students in the ‘smashed’ group reported seeing some.

Question 18

What were the conclusions of both of Loftus and Palmer’s experiments?

Answer 18

The phrasing of the question had a clear effect on a witness’ answer.

Question 19

What is one query that Loftus and Palmer had that meant they could not make a solid conclusion?

Answer 19

They were not sure whether it was the choice of vern that was the fact affecting recall or whether ppts used the verb to help them estimate an accurate speed (as researchers agree that it may be hard to distinguish speeds between 20 and 40 mph.