Leadership style

Question 1

What is the theory of leadership effectiveness?-Fiedler

Answer 1

This examined the relationship between the style of leadership and the situation. Identifies that different leadership styles will be effective in different situations. Not only because of the goals of the organisation but because diff organisations would give their leaders differing amounts of power and control.

Question 2

How does the theory of leadership effectiveness work?

Answer 2

Fiedler developed the LPC- LEAST PREFERRED CO-WORKER. This questionnaire asks people with whom they work least well. Fiedler assumed that everyone’s LPC is equally unpleasant and so the LPC is more about the person taking the test.

Question 3

What does a high or low LPC score mean?

Answer 3

HIGH- The person is task-oriented and would give their LPC harsh ratings.
LOW- The person is relationship-oriented and would give even their LPC high ratings.

Question 4

What is the situational theory of leadership?- Hersey and Blanchard (1988)

Answer 4

Proposed that there is no single effective leadership style. Not appropriate to use the same style all the time. An effective leader must be able to adapt to the situation.

Question 5

What is the situational leadership 2 mode.

Answer 5

LOW ← directive behaviour → HIGH
SUPPORTING COACHING
DELEGATING DIRECTING

Question 6

What are the LOW DIRECTIVE BEHAVIOURS?

Answer 6

SUPPORTING- LOW directive and HIGH supporting

DELEGATING- Low directive and LOW supportive

Question 7

What are the HIGH DIRECTIVE BEHAVIOURS?

Answer 7

COACHING- HIGH directive and HIGH supportive

DIRECTING- HIGH directive and LOW supportive

Question 8

What is maturity level?

Answer 8

The capacity to set high but attainable goals, willingness and ability to take responsibility for the task and relevant education/experience of an individual or group for the task.

Question 9

What are the 4 TYPES OF LEADER BEHAVIOUR?

Answer 9

Leadership can be described in terms of task and relationship behaviour.

S1- TELLING
S2- SELLING
S3 - PARTICIPATING
S4- DELEGATING

Question 10

STYLE 1 (S1)

Answer 10

TELLING - behaviour that is largely directive. Leader gives roles ad explains how why when where to do the job.

Question 11

STYLE 2 (S2)

Answer 11

SELLING- Still directive but will use 2-way communication and also relationship skills that will help members ‘buy-into the process

Question 12

STYLE 3 (S3)

Answer 12

PARTICIPATING- Leader provides less direction. Shared decision making. High use of relationship skills.

Question 13

STYLE 4 (S4)

Answer 13

DELEGATING- Leader still involved with the decision making process ut responsibility has been delegated to the group. Leader is more of a monitoring role than that of a directive.

Question 14

What are the four levels of maturity?

Answer 14

M1- Individual lacks skills required for job and is unwilling to take responsibility for the task
M2- Unable to take responsibility but they are willing to work for it. Enthu but need training and support.
M3- Experienced and able to do task but lack confidence/willingness to take responsibility
M4- Experienced and comfortable with their own ability. Willing to take responsibility too.
MATURITY LEVELS ARE TSK SPECIFIC. NOT PERSON SPECIFIC.

Question 15

What is Style of leader behaviour?- Muczyk and Reimann (1987)

Answer 15

Muc and Rei argue that the democratic leadership style may not always be the most effective and it may not work in all situations. If there is no 2-way communication (followers are unwilling or unable to participate actively in the decision-making process), it will be difficult for leader to be Democratic without also being directive.

Question 16

What do Muczyk and Reimann argue?

Answer 16

They argue that the assumption of the directive approach being non-participative makes the idea seem anti-democratic. However, if combined with participation, it would create 4 styles that may work best in differing situations.

Question 17

Importance of participation and direction.

Answer 17

Decision making and executio of decision are two different things. While a decision may have been though of, it may not have taken place.
Participation is impo to ensure effective decision making.
Directive is impo to make sure the implementation of this idea is done effectively.

Question 18

What are the two leadership factors?

Answer 18

PARTICIPATION- low participation → autocratic leader
high participation →, participative leader

DIRECTION- Low direction → permissive with little general supervision
high direction → directive, close supervision, constant follow-up.

Question 19

Four types of leadership behaviour

Answer 19

AMOUNT OF PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING AMOUNT OF LEADER DIRECTION

AOPIDM- HIGH
→ Directive autocrat.
AOLD- LOW

HIGH
→ Directive democrat
HIGH

LOW
→ Permissive autocrat
LOW

LOW
→ Permissive democrat
HIGH

Question 20

DIRECTIVE AUTOCRAT

Answer 20

Unilateral decisions
Supervises closely
useful when quick decisions needed

Question 21

DIRECTIVE DEMOCRAT

Answer 21

Full participation
monitors closely
useful when there is a need of complex decisions involving many experts

Question 22

PERMISSIVE AUTOCRAT

Answer 22

makes decisions themselves
allows staff to choose how they want to implement these decisions
useful where tasks are relatively simple or where staff are highly skilled, need less expertise

Question 23

PERMISSIVE DEMOCRAT

Answer 23

Seen as ‘ideal’ leader in literature.
Invites high degree of participation \
Good for high skilled trusted employees.