Leaders and followers Flashcards
What is the leader-member exchange model?- Daserau et al 1995
This model was first called the Dyad Linkage Theory which suggested that leaders can treat their followers in two different ways. 2 ways for leaders to treat followers:- They may treat some of them as trusted followers and others in more formal ways.
What is the individualised leadership model?
A further model which suggests that each follower should be understood as independent and each leader viewed as unique.
What does the vertical dyad leadership model suggest?
claims that the relationship between a manager and his or her followers is developed through three stages.
What are the three stages in the vertical dyad leadership model?
1st- Role-taking stage
2nd- Role-making stage
3rd- Role routinisation stage
What is the role-taking stage?
Where individuals become team members and meet their leader. Leader needs to make expectations clear and team members need to make their abilities and skill clear so that the leader can determine how they can contribute to the team.
What is the role-making stage?
Members begin work. Allows them the opportunity to show their ability to work together and prove their skills. Leader may then determine who belongs in the in-group and who belongs in the out-group.
What is the role-routinisation stage?
This is the final stage and is where the in-group members and the leader engage in ‘mutual and high quality leader and their subordinate exchanges’ which develops into their relationships. Can also lead to improvements within the group.
A study by Erdogan et al (2015) showed that this is because of the out-group trying to communicate well with the in-group as they are closely related to the leader/=.
What is the conclusion to the Dansereau individualised leadership model?
Dansereau’s individualised model extends the theory by focusing on the one-to-one relationship between a superior and a specific subordinate, involving
1- the supervisor’s investments in and the returns from the subordinate.
2- the subordinate’s investments in and the returns from the supervisors.
What is followership? Kelley 1988
Refers to a role held by certain individuals in an organisation, team or group. Specifically, it is the way in which an individual actively follows a leader. Kelley claims that the study of role of followership will lead to a better understanding of leadership. The success of a group is dependent on the ability of the leader AS WELL AS how well the followers can follow.
What are the four main qualities of effective followers?
SELF MANAGEMENT
COMMITMENT
COMPETENCE
COURAGE
What is SELF MANAGEMENT?
Ability to think critically and to work independently. Important that they can manage themselves well so leaders can delegate tasks to them
What is COMMITMENT?
Individuals being committed to the goal or the cause of the team. Keeps one’s and group’s morale and energy levels high.
What is COMPETENCE?
Individuals must have the skills and aptitudes necessary to complete the goal or the task. Individuals high in this quality continue their pursuit of knowledge by upgrading their skills through classes and seminars.
What is COURAGE?
Hold true to their beliefs and maintain and uphold ethical standards even in the face of corrupt superiors. . Loyal honest and candid with their superiors.
What are the 5 types of followers?
Kelley identified two characteristics that help identify the difference between followers and non-followers. First is critical thinking and 2nd is whether the individual is active or passive 5 types of followers are:- THE SHEEP THE YES-PEOPLE THE PRAGMATICS THE ALIENATED THE STAR-FOLLOWERS
Who are THE SHEEP?
Passive. lack commitment. need external motivation and constant supervision
who are THE YES-PEOPLE?
committed to the leader or to the task conformist. do not question the decisions or actions of the leader. will defend the leader when faced with opposition from others.
who are the PRAGMATICS?
Are not trail-blazers. will not stand behind unique/controversial ideas until the majority of the group has expressed their support. Often in the background of the group.
Who are THE ALIENATED?
negative and often brng the group down by stalling or questioning each action of the leader. View themselves as the rightful leader and are critical of the leader and members.
Who are the STAR FOLLOWERS?
Exemplary individuals who are positive active and independent thinkers. will not blindly accept decisions until they evaluate them completely. Can succeed without the presence of the leader.
What is measuring leadership? - Kouzes and Posner 1987
Argue that leadership is a measurable, learnable and teachable set of behaviour. They developed the Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI).
What is the Leadership practises inventory
LPU is a measure of the extent to which an individual engages in each of the 5 practices of exemplary leadership which they established through their research with successful,
- MODEL THE WAY
- INSPIRE A SHARED VISION
- CHALLENGE THE PROCESS
- ENABLE OTHERS TO ACT
- ENCOURAGE THE HEART
what is MODEL THE WAY
sets a personal example of what is expected. clear about their philosophy of leadership
What is INSPIRE A SHARED VISION
describes a compelling image of the furture. encourages others to share a dream for the future
what is CHALLENGE THE PROCESS
Takes risks even when there are chances of failure. challenges people to be innovative
what is ENABLE OTHERS TO ACT
Treats others with respect. supports individual decisions.
what is ENCOURAGE THE HEART
Praises people for job well done.
