Leadership (Northouse, 2019) Flashcards
The evolution of leadership definitions
1900-1929- leadership emphasized the centralization of power with a common theme of domination
1930s- traits became the focus of defining leadership , with an emerging view of leadership as influence rather than domination.
1970s- the view of leadership as reciprocal process… a focus on org behavior.
1990s and the 21st century-research emphasized the process of leadership, leaders influencing individual to achieve a common goal… emerging approaches are: authentic leadership, spiritual leadership, followership etc
Definitions
Leadership is a process, involves influence, occurs in groups, and involves common goals
Leadership concepts
Leadership as a process means that it is not a trait or characteristic that resides in the leader, but transactional event that occurs between the leader and the follower
Leadership concepts (continued)
Leadership involves influence, it is concerned with how leader affects followers and the communication that occurs between leaders and followers
Leadership concepts (continued)
Leadership occurs in groups, groups are the context in which leaderships takes place. Leadership involves influencing groups.
Leadership concepts (continued)
Leadership includes attention to common goals. By common goals we mean that the leaders and followers have a mutual purpose.
Trait perspective vs process leadership
The trait perspective suggests certain individuals have special innate or inborn characteristics or qualities that make them leaders, and that is these qualities that differentiate them from nonleaders.—inborn talents
The process viewpoint suggests that leadership is phenomenon that resides in the context of the interactions between leaders and followers and makes leadership available to everyone.
Leadership and powe
Power in the capacity or potential to influence
Leadership and Management
Leadership is a process that is similar to management in many ways
Management is about seeking order and stability; leadership is about seeking adaptive and constructive change
Managers are people who do things right and leaders are people who do the right thing.
Trait Approach
The traits that leaders possess must be relevant to situation in which the leader is functioning
Studies of leadership traits and characteristics
Individuals can be born with these traits, they can learn them, or both.
Skills approach
The skills approach takes a leader-centered perspective on leadership; it has an emphasis on skills and abilities that can be learned and developed
Two sets of skills:
Administrative skills: technical(type of work activity), human(people), and conceptual (work with ideas and concepts)
The skills modes of Mumfords group have five components: competencies(problem solving skills), individual attributes(cognitive ability, motivation, personality), leadership outcomes, career experiences, and environmental influences 
Behavioral approach
The Behavioral approach focuses exclusively on what leader do and how they act. Uses task behaviors and relationship behaviors (help followers feel comfortable with themselves)
**leadership style consists of the behavior pattern of a person who attempts to influence others.
Situational approach
Situational approach focuses on leadership in situations. The promise the theory is that different situations demand different kinds of leadership.
Path-goal theory
Path-goal theory discusses how leaders motivate followers to accomplish designated goals. The stated goal of this theory is to enhance follower performance and follower satisfaction by focusing on follower motivation and the nature of the work tasks
Leader-member exchange theory
LMX theory makes the dyadic relationship between leaders and followers the focal point of the leadership process (recognizes unique relationships leaders make with followers)
Transformational leadership
Transformational leadership is a process that changes and transforms people. It is concerned with emotions, values, ethics, standards, and long-term goals
(Consider pseudotransformational)
Authentic leadership
Authentic leadership it focuses on whether leadership is genuine and “real” ..it also considers the authenticity of leaders in their leadership
Servant leadership
Servant leadership emphasizes that leaders be attentive to the concerns of their followers, empathize with them, and nurture them. They’re committed to helping each person in the organization grow personally and professionally.
Adaptive leadership
Adaptive leadership encourage people to adapt—to face and deal with problems, challenges, and changes; it involves being follower-centered.
Followership
Followership- you cannot have leaders without followers. It is the process whereby an individual or individuals accept the influence of others to accomplish a common goal.
Leadership ethics
Ethics has its roots in the Greek word ethos, which translates to “customs,” “conduct,” or “character” .. ethics is concerned with the kinds of values and morals an individual or a society finds desirable or appropriate.
Ethical theories
Ethical theories about leadership can be thought of as falling within two broad domains: a leaders conduct and theories about leaders character.
Ethical egoism-states that a person should act so as to create the greatest good for her-or himself.
Utilitarianism-states that we should behave as to create the greatest good for the greatest number.
Culture and Leadership
Ethnocentrism is the tendency for individuals to place their own group (ethnic, racial or cultural) ay the center of their observations of others and the world.
Prejudice is a largely fixed attitude, belief, or emotion held by an individual about another individual or group that is based on fault or unsubstantiated data.
Uncertainty avoidance
Uncertainty avoidance is concerned with the way cultures use rules, structures, and laws to make things more predictable and less uncertain.
