Leadership & Management

Question 1

Leadership

Answer 1

Leadership: ability to guide or influence others

Question 2

Management

Answer 2

Management: coordination of resources (time, people, supplies) to achieve outcomes

People are led, whereas activities an things are managed

Question 3

Power

Answer 3

Power: ability to motivate people to get things done with or without the formal right granted by the organization

Question 4

Authority

Answer 4

Authority: legitimate right to direct others through an authorized position in an organization

Question 5

Reward power

Answer 5

Reward power – ability to reward others for complying (money, desired assignments or acknowledgment)

Question 6

Coercive power

Answer 6

Coercive power – Is based on fear or punishment for failure to comply

Question 7

Legitimate power

Answer 7

Legitimate power – based on an official position in the organization. The manager has the right to influence staff members and staff members have an obligation to accept the influence

Question 8

Referent power

Answer 8

Referent power – The admired and respected nurse is able to influence other nurses

Question 9

Expert power

Answer 9

Expert power – If someone has an expert knowledge in something then they gain respect from others

Question 10

Connection power

Answer 10

Connection power – Is based on the person relationship with someone who is powerful

Question 11

Informational power

Answer 11

Informational power – A person possession of information that is needed by others

Question 12

Transactional leader

Answer 12

is concerned with the day-to-day operations of the facility/unit

Question 13

Transformational leaders

Answer 13

Committed to organizational goals and clearly communicate vision and direction
Empower the work group to accomplish goals
Impart meaning and challenge to work
Are admired and emulated
Provide mentoring to individual staff members on the basis of need

Question 14

What are the three major areas required for effective leadership

Answer 14

1. Technical skills: clinical expertise and nursing knowledge
2. Human skills: ability and judgment to work with people in an effective leadership role (Maintain honest and integrity; create a learning environment, develop an open nonthreatening environment)
3. Conceptual skills: ability to understand the complexities of the overall organization and to recognize how one’s own area of management fits into the overall organization.

Question 15

Name and explain the 3 management styles

Answer 15

Authoritarian: makes all decisions with no staff input and uses the position to accomplish goals
Democratic: encourages staff involvement in goal setting, problem solving, and decision making
Laissez-faire: provides little direction or guidance and will forgo decision making

Question 16

What are the five management functions

Answer 16

1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Staffing
4. Directing
5. Controlling

Question 17

Explain Planning

Answer 17

Decide in advance what to do; how, when, and where it is to be done; and who is to do it
All management functions based on planning

Question 18

Explain Organization

Answer 18

Establish formal structure to define the lines of authority, communication, and decision making
Define roles and responsibilities for each level of management and staff
Coordinate activities with other departments
Communicate to ensure a smooth workflow
Components of organizing:
Organizational chart
Policies and procedures
Job descriptions

Question 19

Explain staffing

Answer 19

Determine the number and type of staff needed
Recruit, interview, select, and assign personnel
Orient, train, socialize, and develop staff members
Implement ongoing staff development programs
Implement creative and flexible scheduling

Question 20

Explain Directions

Answer 20

Clearly communicate performance expectations
Create a motivating climate and team spirit
Positive reinforcement in the form of a sincere thank you is a powerful motivational resource
Role model expected behaviors
Manage conflict and facilitate collaboration

Question 21

Explain Controlling

Answer 21

Ensure that employees accomplish goals while maintaining high-quality performance
Establish performance or outcome standards
Measure and evaluate performance against established standards
Determine an action plan to improve performance

Question 22

Explain Lewin’s stages of change

Answer 22

Unfreezing stage: change agent promotes problem identification and encourages awareness of the need for change
Moving stage: change agent clarifies the need to change, explores alternatives, defines goals and objectives, plans the change, and implements the change plan
Refreezing stage: change agent integrates the change into the organization