Leadership And Management

Question 1

Managers : brief summary

Answer 1

Managers will set objectives and decide how to go about achieving them.
Roles involves planning, organising, monitoring, evaluating, and reporting.

Question 2

Leaders : brief summary

Answer 2

Leaders are those people that can inspire and motivate people to meet objectives.

Question 3

Autocratic leadership style :

Answer 3

Tells workers what to do and make decisions without others.
Leader keeps authority and employees follow exactly.
Employee will be punished for carelessness.

Question 4

Characteristics of authoritarian :

Answer 4

(i) centralised authority : manager not prepared to share authority and responsibility. All authority of work performance centralised.
(ii) single-man decisions : manager them-self takes decisions. They take for granted that they don’t need another individual.
(iii) wrong belief regarding employees : think employees don’t work when motivated by love and that they require hard control.
(iv) only downward communication : employee suggestions are meaningless. Manager doesn’t listen to employee ideas.

Question 5

Advantages of autocratic leadership :

Answer 5

Quick and clear decision made.
Satisfactory work (employee performance under strict control, quality and quantity of work is satisfactory).
Necessary for less educated employees (no capability of of taking decisions because of little education).

Question 6

Disadvantages of autocratic leadership :

Answer 6

Lack of motivation (motivate managers but lowers morale of employees due to working environment of fear).
Agitation by employees (they’re turned into machines incapable of doing own work, employees oppose it)
Possibility of partiality (managers tries to please his favourites by giving less laborious work. Creates bitterness among employees)

Question 7

Paternalistic leadership style :

Answer 7

This type of leader is dictatorial, but decisions in best interest of employees.
Encourage contributions from group ie can appear democratic but it’s really autocratic with a human face.

Question 8

Advantages of paternalistic leadership :

Answer 8

(i) increases loyalty to the business as a way of achieving objectives.
(ii) lead to greater levels of motivation and decreased labour turnover rates.
(iii) lead to higher rates of productivity.

Question 9

Disadvantages of paternalistic leadership :

Answer 9

(i) all key decisions are taken irrespective of employee input.
(ii) May be difficult to satisfy all members of staff, likely to have different aspirations.

Question 10

Democratic leadership style :

Answer 10

Known as group-centred leadership style.
Decisions regarding different works aren’t taken bymanager alone but in consultation with the employees.
Based on decentralisation.
Manager respects suggestions made by subordinates and makes an effort to fulfil their necessities.

Question 11

Characteristics of democratic leadership style :

Answer 11

(i) cooperative relations : participation in management decisions gives the employee a feeling of self respect.
(ii) believe in employees : managers believes that employee want to do work with interest, accept their responsibility and try to perform in a good manner.
(iii) open communication: apart from saying their own thoughts the managers receive the suggestions of the employees with pleasure.

Question 12

Advantages of democratic leadership style :

Answer 12

(i) high morale (all round enthusiasm, high level of employee commitment).
(ii) creation of more efficiency and productivity (since employees involved in decision making, they give cooperation implementing them).
(iii) availability of sufficient time for constructive work : manager workload decreased ie can use spare time constructively.

Question 13

Disadvantages of democratic leadership style :

Answer 13

(i) requirement of educated subordinates.
(ii) delay in decisions (process is made longer).
(iii) lack of responsibility in managers (managers try to evade responsibility ie its employees fault).

Question 14

Laissez-faire or free-rain leadership style :

Answer 14

Also described as individual-centred style.
The manager takes little interest in managerial functions and employees left to their own work.
The managers gives employees complete freedom to make decisions.

Question 15

Characteristics of laissez-fair leadership style :

Answer 15

(i) full faith in employees : consider employees capable, active and responsible individuals and have full faith in them.
(ii) independent decision making system :
(iii) decentralisation of authority : managers widely distribute authority to enable employees to determine their own objective.
(iv) self directed, supervisory and controlled.

Question 16

Advantages of laissez-faire leadership style :

Answer 16

(i) development of self confidence in employees.
(ii) highlevel motivations (consider themselves important)
(iii) helpful in development and extension of the enterprise.

Question 17

Disadvantages of laissez-faire leadership style :

Answer 17

(i) difficulty in cooperation (no close supervision and control so everyone starts functioning independently, difficult for managers to coordinate among employees)
(ii) lack of importance of managerial post
(iii) suitable for highly educated employees

Question 18

Impact of leadership style on motivation : authoritarian

Answer 18

The lack of consultation has negative impact on motivation and this exclusion from the decision making process is demotivating and affects productivity.

Question 19

Impact of leadership style on motivation : paternalistic

Answer 19

Same impact as authoritarian.

Question 20

Impact of leadership style on motivation : democratic

Answer 20

This style make employees feel involved and this is said to improve motivation.

Question 21

Impact of this leadership style of motivation : laissez faire

Answer 21

Depends of individual situation ie where staff are ready and willing to take responsibility and are trusted to do their job, then motivating. But where staff lack these skills it can resu,t in lack of motivation.

Question 22

Reference to motivators :

Answer 22

Authoritarian leaders will employ the theories of Taylor and motivate with financial methods
Where
Democratic leaders will take more human relations approach and use Maslow and Herzberg.