LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT Flashcards
A proccess of influencing others, attempting to achieve shared goals and inspiring to action.
Leadership
The one who leads, conduct or guides the process
Leader
To go with or ahead of so as to show the way; guide.
Lead
Types of Leaders
*Informal leader
*Formal or appointed
Does not have official saction to direct activities of others; chosen by the group itself.
Informal Leader
Chosen by administration, and given official or legitimate autority to act
Ex: The elected and appointed officers of an organization
Formal or appointed
Theories of Leadership
- Trait Theory
- Great-Man theory
- Contingency theory
- Integrative leadership model
- Transactional Leadership
- Transformational Theory
- Path-Goal Theory
- Strategy Theory
- Charismatic Theory
-Leaders have traits that must be enhanced by experience
-Envisioning goals, affirming values, serving as a symbol
Trait Theory
Qualities/ Traits of a Leader
•Intelligence
•Personality
•Abilities
Judgement, knowledge and fluency of speech
Intelligence
Adaptability, alertness, creativity, cooperativeness, personal integrity, self-confidence, emotional balance and control, independence
Personality
Ability to enlist cooperation, popularity and prestige, sociability/interpersonal skills, social participation, tact and diplomacy
Abilities
Leadership traits
•Task-Oriented
•Relationship-Oriented
•Participative Leadership
Behaviors include planning, scheduling & coordinating activites
Task Oriented
Includes being friendly & considerate, showing trust & confidence, expressing appreciation & providing recognition
Relationship Oriented
Enlist associates participation in making decisions
Participative leadership
-Leaders are born and not made
-Great leaders will arise when there is a great need.
Ex: King in Spain
Great-Man Theory
_____argues that few people are born to be great leaders who are well rounded & simultaneously instrument & supportive.
Great-Man theory
-Leaders’ ability to lead is contingent upon the situation.
a. Leadership-member relationship
b. Task structure
c. Position power
Contingency Theory
*Leadership style will be effective & ienffective depending on the situation
-Obviously, there is no one best leadership style. Leaders are rarely totally people-oriented or task-oriented.
-One should be aware of his own behavior & learn to adapt.
Integrative Leadership Model
Integrative Leadership Model
a. Behavioral Theory
b. Participative Leadership
c. Situational Leadership Theory
Successful leadership is based in definable, learnable behavior.
Behavioral Theory
People are more committed to actions
Participative Leadership
-Depends on the level of the maturity of individual
Situational Theory
-Situational Theory uses task behavior & relationship behavior in relation to the follower’s, readiness, called maturity to emphasize the importance of the maturity level of the followers, & the leader needs to adapt leadership styles accordingly
People are motivated by reward and punishment
Transactional Leadership
-Empowerment is the key factor
-People will follow person who inspires them and who has vision and passion.
-Value-based leadership
Transformational Theory
-Leaders have certain objectives and initiate their followers to attain their own objectives.
-Derived from the expectancy theory where people act as they do because they expect their behavior to produce satisfactory results.
Path-Goal Theory
BASED ON HUMAN HANDLING SKILLS OF LEADERS
Strategy 1: Attention thru vision
Strategy 2: Meaning thru communication
Strategy 3: Trust thru positioning
Strategy 4: Deployment of self-thru positive self-regard
Strategy Theory
-Charm and grace are needed to create followers
-Self-belief
Charismatic Theory
inspires others by obtaining emotional commitment from followers and by arousing feelings of loyalty & enthusiasm
Charismatic theory leader
found that these leaders have strong conviction & high self-confidence & followers has the similar belief with the charismatic leader thus showing signs of unquestioning acceptance & obedience.
Robert House
it sometimes leads into blind obedience but transformational leaders use it to motivate members.
Bernard Bass
STYLES OF LEADERSHIP
- Autoritarian/ Autocratic
- Democratic/ Participative
- Laissez- Faire/Permissive
- Multicratic/ Situational
- Charasmatic
-Strong control over the group or directive approach
-concern with task accomplish
Authoritarian/ Autocratic
Autocratic- involves centralized decision making, with the Leader making the decision & using power to command & control others.
-Leaders focuses on involving subordinates in decision making
-People-oriented
Democratic/Participative
Democratic- is participatory, with the autority delegated to others, influential by having close and personal relationship with the subordinates.
-Delegating approach
- Little or no direction is provided to subordinates
Laissez- Faire/ Permissive
Laissez faire is passive & permissive, nondirective, inactive. Chaos is most likely develop because members may work independetly.
The leader identifies which style of leadership a particular situation requires.
Multicratic/ Situational
Obtains emotional commitment from followers and by arousing feelings of loyalty & enthusiasm inspires other to follow
Charismatic
Legitimate power to direct others
Authority
It is one’s capacity to influence others
Power
Derived from the knowledge & skills one possesses
Expert power
derived from the position one holds in a group & indicates authority
Legitimate power
derived from respect & trust coming from any individual group or organization
Referent power
comes from the ability to recognize others for compliying
Reward power
based on fear of punishment if one fails to conform
Coercive power
comes from coalition & interpersonal relationship
Connective power
derived from knowledge & access to information
Informational power
