Leadership and Implementation Flashcards
Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM): Stages of Change
Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
Operant Conditioning
The process by which behaviors are influenced by their consequences; examines the relationship among antecedents, behaviors, and consequences
Operant conditioning looks at the causes of certain behaviors and the avoidance of others and uses positive and negative reinforcement.
What are SMART goals?
Specific Measurable Attainable Relevant Time-Bound
Four Stages of Client–Trainer Relationship
RIPA = Rapport, investigation, planning, action
Motivational Interviewing
A client-centered, directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence
How long does one need to be exercising to be considered in the Maintenance Stage of the TTM?
For over six months
Three Stages of Motor Learning
Cognitive stage: trying to understand new skill; movements are jerky/awkward, thinking about what to do (tell, show, do)
Associative stage: basics mastered, ready for more specific feedback to help refine motor skill
Autonomous stage: clients performing effectively and naturally
What percentage of people who start an exercise program will drop out after six months?
50%
Situational Motivation
Motivation as people are actually exercising
Self-Efficacy
The belief in one’s own capabilities to successfully engage in a physical activity program
What is the most important source of self-efficacy information?
Past performance experience, which is the most reliable predictor of current participation
Assertiveness
The honest and straightforward expression of one’s thoughts, feelings, and beliefs
Potential Detriments for Physical Activity
Personal attributes
Environment factors
Physical activity factors
Effective Listening Skill: Encouraging
Using short words and phrases such as “I See,” “Yes,” “I know what you mean.” Nodding and smiling
Effective Listening Skill: Paraphrasing
Restating in a clear and concise way the essence of what the client has been saying.
Effective Listening Skill: Questioning
Open-ended questions at appropriate times
Effective Listening Skill: Reflecting
Demonstrating understanding or seeking clarification by trying to restate the main points and feelings in the clients communication
–> differs from paraphrasing in that feelings or attitudes may be included
Effective Listening Skill: Summarizing
At appropriate points in conversation, trainers summarize key points that have a bearing on exercise program design
Process Goal
Something a client does, such as completing a certain number of workouts per week
Product Goal
Something achieved, like weight loss or a resistance lifted on a strength-training machine
Visual Learners: Client actions, statements, and strategy
Actions: Watches intently (prefers reading)
Statement: Oh, I see; Let me see that again
Strategy: Demonstrations
Auditory Learners: Client actions, statements, and strategy
Actions: Listens carefully (prefers hearing)
Statement: Yeah, I hear you; Say that one more time
Strategy: Question and answer
Kinesthetic Learners: Client actions, statements, and strategy
Actions: Touches or holds (prefers to be spotted)
Statement: I feel that; This does not feel right
Strategy: Hands-on supervision
Health Belief Model
People will engage in a health behavior based on the perceived threat they feel regarding a health problem and the pros and cons of adopting the behavior.
Six Sources of Self-Efficacy Information
Past performance experience
Vicarious experience: observation/knowledge of someone who is participating successfully in a program
Verbal persuasion: feedback or encouragement
Physiological state appraisals
Emotional state and mood appraisals
Imaginal experiences
Four Components of the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM)
Stages of change
Processes of change
Self-efficacy
Decisional balance
Decisional Balance
The number of pros and cons perceived about adopting and/or maintaining an activity program
The perceived cons do not have to be logical or realistic to prevent an individual from being active.
Stimulus Control
The manipulation of antecedents on behavior in order to maximize the likelihood of desirable behaviors — making adjustments on the environment, such as setting an alarm for an earlier time in order to make it to the gym sooner
Shaping
Using reinforcements to gradually achieve a target behavior
Waiver
Used to release the personal trainer from liability for injuries resulting in an exercise program as it denotes client’s voluntary abandonment of the right to file suit
Informed Consent
A form on which a client acknowledges that she has been specifically informed about the risks associated with activity
What does SWOT stand for?
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
What would not be included in a well-written executive summary?
Liability coverage
Locus of Control
A belief in personal control over health outcomes - a personal with a positive locus of control believes they can handle their health and acts accordingly
