Leadership, Administration, and Management

Question 1

Smart City

Answer 1

Technologies implemented with the goal of achieving cost efficiences, making infrastructure more resilient, and generally improving urban conditions.

Question 2

Matrix organization

Answer 2

Matrix organizations encourage interdisciplinary approaches to problem-solving. There may be both vertical and horizontal chains of command.

Question 3

Horizontal or flat organization

Answer 3

Few or no levels of management between management and staff level employees.

Question 4

Liquidity risk

Answer 4

Insufficient cash to cover operations.

Question 5

Ex parte contact

Answer 5

Communication between one party to a proceeding (e.g., an applicant for a permit) and a public official outside the formal decision-making process. Such communication is usually prohibited or circumscribed.