Fundamental Planning Knowledge

Question 1

Who is most associated with originating the
concept of Garden Cities?

Answer 1

Ebenezer Howard, who wrote Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform (1898)

Question 2

Name four theories of urban development.

Answer 2

• Concentric Circle Theory
• Sector Theory
• Multiple Nuclei Theory
• Central Place Theory

Question 3

Mixed scanning is a concept that is a compromise of
which two planning theories?

Answer 3

Rational and incremental planning theories. Mixed scanning views planning decisions at two levels: the big picture and smaller incremental decisions.

Question 4

When and where was the first comprehensive zoning code adopted, and who was the main author?

Answer 4

In 1916, New York City adopted the first comprehensive zoning code, written by Edward Bassett.

Question 5

What is the significance of the 1785 Land Ordinance?

Answer 5

It provided a systematic way to divide and distribute land to the public. The grid survey is responsbile for much of today’s urban pattern west of the Appalachians.