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RE Y9 EOY > Leadership > Flashcards

Leadership Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Church?

Note the Capital Letter

A

The People of God

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2
Q

Who is a bishop?

A

A successor of the 12 apostles, who oversees a diocese.

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3
Q

Who is a pope?

A

The leader of the Catholic Church on Earth.

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4
Q

Who is an apostle?

A

One of the 12 disciples, who were the closest companions of Jesus, and were chosen by him to preach the Gospel.

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5
Q

Sometime after Pentecost, where did Peter go to become the bishop of that area for a few years?

A

Antioch (a great city to the north of Jerusalem).

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6
Q

Where did Peter go after staying in Antioch to become bishop of this new area?

A

Rome, the centre of the Empire, and became the Bishop of Rome

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7
Q

When did Emperor Nero begin persecuting Christians?

A

64 AD

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8
Q

Were Peter and Paul affected by Nero’s persecution?

A

Yes, they were both killed.

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9
Q

How was Paul killed?

A

Beheaded

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10
Q

How was Paul believed to have died?

A

Crucified upside down.

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11
Q

Why did the Church in Rome become the most important Church for other Christians?

A

It was in Rome where the two greatest leaders of the early church were martyred.

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12
Q

What was the name of the person who oversaw the church in Rome?

A

The Bishop of Rome

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13
Q

What did the title ‘Bishop of Rome’ get changed to?

A

Pope

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14
Q

What does ‘pope’ mean?

A

Father

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15
Q

What do Catholics believe about the Pope’s succession?

A

He is the successor of Peter, the first Pope/Bishop of Rome.

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16
Q

Because Pope means ‘father’, what does this mean about his role in the Catholic Church?

A

He has the same task of leading the whole Church, and he must be like a loving father to God’s people on Earth.

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17
Q

How many popes have there been?

A

266 popes

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18
Q

How did the apostles pass down the authority that Jesus gave them to others?

A

They laid hands on other men and called down the Holy Spirit on them.

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19
Q

What is the name given to a person who received the laying of the hands?

A

Bishops, and looked after the Church in a certain place.

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20
Q

What did the newly appointed bishops do that was similar to what the apostles had done to them?

A

These bishops laid hands on other men to make new bishops.

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21
Q

What is the reason why Catholics believe that bishops are successors of the apostles?

A

They have received the same Spirit and duties of the apostles.

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22
Q

Approximately how many bishops are there in the Catholic Church today?

A

5600

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23
Q

What did Jesus say to Peter when he handed him the authority to oversee the Church?

A

Short Form:
“You are Peter, and upon this rock, I will build my church… I will give you the keys to the Kingdom of Heaven.”

Long Form:
Jesus replied, “Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by flesh and blood, but by my Father in heaven. And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it. I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.”

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24
Q

Why does Jesus change his name from Simon to Peter?

A

‘Rock’ in Latin is ‘Petra’, and Jesus is claiming him as the rock and foundation from which the Church should grow, and so his name becomes Peter, similar to the Latin Word.

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25
Q

What is the Vatican?

A

The Vatican is the official residence (home) of the Pope, in Rome. It is the centre of the Roman Catholic Church.

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26
Q

What is the Vatican City known as?

A

The Holy See

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27
Q

What is the estimated population of the Vatican City?

A

764-825

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28
Q

What is the ring of office that the Pope wears?

A

The Fisherman’s Ring

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29
Q

What immediately happens when a Pope dies?

A

His ring of office and his personal seal/stamp are broken.

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30
Q

How many days of mourning happen after the pope’s death?

A

9 days

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31
Q

What happens after the mourning has finished?

A

His funeral takes place.

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32
Q

Are there replacements for the ring of office and seal once the new Pope is chosen?

A

Yes

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33
Q

What is the name of the cardinal who is temporarily in charge of the Church and makes sure that a new Pope is chosen?

A

The Carmelango

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34
Q

How many days after the funeral does the electoral process begin?

A

about 7 days

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35
Q

What is the meeting where the College of Cardinals meet to start the election?

A

a Conclave

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36
Q

Under what age does a cardinal have to be to be allowed to take part in the election?

A

Under 80 years old.

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37
Q

Where do the cardinals meet for the Conclave to meet and pray?

A

In the Sistine Chapel

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38
Q

What happens to the cardinals once they have prayed in the Sistine Chapel?

A

They are locked into an annexe (extension or attachment) of the chapel to cast their votes in a secret ballot (vote/poll).

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39
Q

When are the cardinals allowed to leave the annexe?

A

Not until a new Pope is elected.

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40
Q

What is the minimum percentage of votes needed for a new Pope to be elected?

A

2/3 and 1 vote

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41
Q

If the 2/3 and 1 vote is not achieved within two weeks, what is the minimum number of votes reduced to?

A

1/2 and 1 vote

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42
Q

How many ballots are taken each morning and afternoon?

A

Two

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43
Q

What happens if a ballot does not result in an election (meaning not enough votes)?

A

The ballot papers are burned, with a chemical that makes the smoke black, and it comes out of the Chapel’s chimney.

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44
Q

Why are the papers burnt?

A

This can be seen by the public in St Peter’s Square who can then understand that there is yet to be a new Pope, or a Pope has been elected, depending on the different colours.

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45
Q

What happens to the papers if the ballot is successful and the Cardinal accepts the honour and authority?

A

The papers are burnt without the chemical and so, instead of black smoke, white smoke comes out.

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46
Q

Who announces that the Church has a new pope?

A

The Dean of the College of Cardinals.

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47
Q

Where does the Dean announce that there is a new pope?

A

From the balcony in St Peter’s Square

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48
Q

What does the Dean say to those in St Peter’s Square to let them know that there is a new pope?

A

‘Habemaus papam’

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49
Q

What does ‘Habemaus papam’ mean?

A

We have a Pope.

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50
Q

Although the new Pope immediately takes the responsibility of his predecessor, it is a little while before what takes place to officially declare him as Pope?

A

Yes.

His official enthronement takes place with all the pageantry (elaborate ceremony) of a royal coronation.

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51
Q

Who was the Camerlengo during the period of Pope Benedict XVI’s resignation and Pope Francis’ election?

A

Tarcisio Bertone

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52
Q

How quickly was Pope Francis elected?

A

It took two days with 5 ballots for Pope Francis to be elected.

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53
Q

What is Pope Francis’ birth name?

A

Jorge Mario Bergoglio

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54
Q

Why did Pope Francis choose Francis as his Pope Name?

A

He chose it in honour of St Francis of Assisi, who was a man of peace, poverty and nature, who was also known for his love and protection of all God’s creation.

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55
Q

What were Pope Francis’ first words when he was presented to the crowd?

A

“Now, I would like to give you a blessing, but first I want to ask you for a favour.”

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56
Q

When was Pope Francis elected and at which age?

A

March 13, 2013, at age 74

57
Q

Who was the Dean of the College of Cardinals for Pope Francis’ election?

A

Giovanni Battista Re

58
Q

What is a cardinal?

A

A cardinal is a member of the ‘Sacred College’, which is the pope’s support network, and they pledge to be available to him at any time. They are also the senior leaders of the church and the advisors of the pope.

59
Q

What is the ‘Sacred College’?

A

The College of Cardinals, or more formally the Sacred College of Cardinal, is the body of all cardinals, chosen by the Pope, of the Catholic Church.

60
Q

Who chooses the Cardinals?

A

The Pope

61
Q

How would you address a Cardinal?

A

His/Your Eminence

62
Q

Fill in the blanks:

The cardinals are the ________ advisers and ________ in the administration of
the__________ ______; they are the _______ with which he runs the church
throughout the ________.

A

Pope’s, help/serve, Catholic, Church, hands, world.

63
Q

What are the three ‘grades’ of cardinals?

A

Cardinal Bishops, Cardinal Priests, and Cardinal Deacons

64
Q

After the different Cardinal Grades important?

A

The distinctions are not important, except when organising the order of processions on great occasions.

65
Q

Cardinals wear a zucchetto - what is this?

A

A zucchetto is a Roman Catholic cleric’s skullcap: black for a priest, purple for a bishop, red for a cardinal, and white for the Pope.

66
Q

Cardinals may also wear a biretta - what is this?

A

A square cap with three flat projections on top, worn by Roman Catholic clergymen.

67
Q

Cardinals wear scarlet (crimson) coloured robes. What does this colour represent?

A

The robes are crimson - the colour of blood - to symbolise the commitment of each cardinal to defend the church to the death.

68
Q

When was Pope Francis elected and which Pope did this make him become?

A

Pope Francis was elected the 266th Pope (Bishop of Rome) on
March 13th 2013.

69
Q

When, where, to whom, and what was Pope Francis born?

A

He was born Jorge Mario Bergoglio in 1936 in Buenos Aires, Argentina to two Italian immigrants.

70
Q

When was Pope Francis ordained as a priest and became a Jesuit?

A

1969

71
Q

When did Pope Francis become Bishop of Buenos Aires?

A

1992

72
Q

When did our Pope become Archbishop of Buenos Aires?

A

1998 (6 years after he became a Bishop)

73
Q

When was Pope Francis ordained as a Cardinal and by whom?

A

2001, by St John Paul II (at the time the Pope)

74
Q

Who is a Jesuit?

A

Jesuits are part of the Society of Jesus, and they give their life to the service of God, showing a special
willingness to go anywhere in the world and live in extreme conditions.

75
Q

What are Jesuits known for?

A

Their work in education and their missionary work.

76
Q

How many siblings did Pope Francis have?

A

4 siblings (he was one of five children)

77
Q

As a young man, what did Pope Francis train to be?

A

A chemist

78
Q

What did our current Pope gain degrees in?

A

chemistry, philosophy and
theology

79
Q

Before he studied for the priesthood, what did Pope Francis work as?

A

He worked as a janitor, a bar bouncer and a lab assistant for a chemist.

80
Q

Fill in the blanks:

Jorge Mario lived for more than __ years with only one functioning ____. He had the other removed as a young man because of an _________.

A

50, lung, infection

81
Q

Why is a pope allowed to choose his papal name?

A

The name carries a great deal of importance because it signifies the kind of pope he will be - what passions and interests will define his reign.

82
Q

What are the duties of the pope?

A

Appointing bishops around the world: There are more than 5,000 bishops and it is the pope’s responsibility to meet with them at least once every five years. This is an important task because the bishops carry out the Pope’s vision at local levels.

Selecting members of the College of Cardinals: The Cardinals are the group that will elect his successor. This is also crucial since these men will carry out Pope Francis’ vision for the Church even after he’s gone.

Weekly Blessing: The pope offers a weekly blessing to tourists and Catholics visiting the Vatican. He often takes the opportunity to pray for peace, particularly in areas of great conflict and tension.

83
Q

Pope Francis has a special place in his heart for which types of people?

A

The poor, those on the edges of society, and those facing injustice.

84
Q

What is the desire of Pope Francis for the Catholic Church to be?

A

‘A church that is
poor, and for the poor.’

85
Q

Since so many people live in poverty, what does Pope Francis do to make his lifestyle more acknowledgeable to these people?

A

Pope Francis does not allow money to be wasted on himself; he has chosen to live in a small flat
rather than in the official papal apartments, not to wear traditional
papal clothes in his free time nor drive the papal car.

86
Q

Does our Pope wear and use his iron or gold pectoral cross?

A

He uses the same iron pectoral cross he used when he was
Archbishop, instead of a gold one.

87
Q

Give examples as to how Pope Francis had helped to create peace, justice and fairness:

A

In 2014 he helped restore relations between Cuba and the USA
which had been in tension since 1958.

He has welcomed leaders of countries that have been at war,
including the Palestinian and Israeli presidents.

He has spoken out about the Argentine government’s continuing
abuse of power.

88
Q

Every Maundy Thursday, where does Pope Francis go to, what does he do there and why?

A

Every Maundy Thursday, Pope Francis goes to a local prison and washes the feet of 12 prisoners, including Muslims. He is showing the prisoners that they are accepted by the community.

89
Q

What else had Pope Francis done to restore harmony and reconciliation?

A

He has also welcomed non-Catholics and asked them to pray for him, even kneeling in their presence.

He has also visited areas of tension in the world, trying to restore harmony.

90
Q

Why is Pope Francis so popular?

A

He has a reputation for being relatable, approachable and down-to-earth. Some call him the ‘people’s pope’. Time magazine named him their Person of the Year in 2013 as did the Advocate.

91
Q

When Pope Francis was in Buenos Aires as a Cardinal, what did he do which made him more popular?

A

When he was a Cardinal living in Buenos Aires, Pope Francis chose to live in a simple apartment rather than the archbishop’s palace.

He also took the bus to work, cooked his meals, flew economy class to Rome and was known simply as “Father Jorge.“

He told Argentinians that if he was appointed as Pope, not travel to
Rome to celebrate - but to give their money to the poor instead.

92
Q

Was Pope Francis very close to being elected at an earlier stage?

A

Yes, Pope Francis was very close to being elected as Pope in 2005 – he was beaten only by Cardinal Ratzinger who became Pope Benedict XVI.

93
Q

What languages does Pope Francis fluently speak?

A

Italian, Spanish, German

94
Q

True or False:

Pope Francis is the second American pope.

He is the first non-European pope in over 1000 years.

He is the 6th Jesuit Pope.

A

a) False, he is the first American pope.

b) True

c) He is the first Jesuit Pope

95
Q

What are some of the Pope’s titles?

A

Pope, Holy Father, Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Christ, Servant of the Servants of God.

96
Q

Apart from ‘Pope’, what other title shows us how the Pope must be like a loving father?

A

Holy Father

97
Q

Why is the Pope known as the ‘Bishop of Rome’?

A

The Pope is a successor of an apostle, St Peter, who was the first Bishop/Leader of the Roman Church.

98
Q

Why is the Pope also known as the ‘Vicar of Christ’?

A

The word ‘vicar’ means ‘one who acts in the place of someone’. Therefore, Catholics believe that he is this Vicar in Christ as he acts in Christ’s place as Head of the Church on earth, but he has no authority of his own as his authority comes from Christ alone.

99
Q

Why is the Pope known as the ‘Servant of the Servants of God’?

A

Those who work in the Church, especially bishops and priests, are servants of God. However, the Pope is even more than a servant - since he has to serve the whole Church, he is the servant of those who are serving God.

100
Q

What is the Catholic Church hierarchy?

A
  • The Laity (Congregation and Altar Servers)
  • Deacons (Aid the Priest for the Liturgies of Mass)
  • Priests (Serve a Parish)
  • Bishops (Preside over a Diocese)
  • Archbishops (Preside over several dioceses)
  • Cardinals (aid the Pope)
  • Pope (Leader of the Catholic Church on Earth)
  • God (Leader of all People of God)
101
Q

How many cardinals are there?

A

As of 8th June 2024, there are 236 cardinals, of whom 126 are eligible to vote in a conclave.

102
Q

What sources of authority does the Catholic Church have for its teachings?

A

Scripture, Tradition & Magisterium

103
Q

What source of authority does scripture contain?

A

The Bible, which Catholics believe is the Word of God.

104
Q

What does tradition mean in terms of sources of authority?

A

The wisdom found in the lives and writings of inspired Christians.

105
Q

What is magisterium?

A

The pope and bishops are authorised to interpret scripture and tradition and turn them into appropriate Catholic teachings.

106
Q

What does the Pope state in his encyclical ‘Fratelli Tutti’?

A

Fraternity and social friendship are the ways to build a better, more just and peaceful world, with the contribution of all, people and institutions, with an emphatic confirmation of a ‘no’ to war and globalised indifference.

107
Q

What is canonisation?

A

A process by which someone becomes a saint.

108
Q

Who decided if someone should be canonised?

A

The Pope

109
Q

Who is a saint?

A

A person who is specifically honoured by the Church as an example of holiness, or likeness to God.

110
Q

What is meant by ‘heroic virtue’?

A

Being a person of great goodness and doing extraordinary good deeds and works.

111
Q

Give some qualities that a saint may have:

A

Extreme Love
Joy
Peace
Forgiveness
Care
Martyrdom
Humbleness
Prayer
Selflessness
Kindness
Generosity
Patience
Hopefulness
Courage
Passion
Dedication
Sanctity (Holiness)

112
Q

When does the canonisation process start?

A

Once the holy person is dead.

113
Q

What is the ‘cause of canonisation’?

A

A cause of canonisation examines a person’s life and death to determine if they were either martyred or lived a virtuous life.

114
Q

Who approves the cause of canonisation?

A

The Local Bishop

115
Q

What is the first title a potential saint receives?

A

Servant of God

116
Q

What is the name of the Vatican department which decides whether the holy person has shown heroic sanctity?

A

The Congregation for the Causes of Saints

117
Q

What is evidence that the person is indeed in heaven with God?

A

A miracle attributed to that person after their death has happened.

118
Q

Another piece of evidence that contributes to canonisation is whether the holy person, or a person praying for the holy person’s help, has been cured without medical aid. What are the three conditions that must be met for a cure to be considered ‘miraculous’?

A

Instantaneous
Lasting
Unexplainable

119
Q

What two things must be proven for the person to be declared by the second title?

A

They have lived a vitreous life, and they have done good deeds/work.

120
Q

What is the second title in the canonisation process?

A

Venerable

121
Q

After the first miracle, what is the holy person known as, and in what ceremony are they declared to be called by this title?

A

The title ‘Blessed’ is declared during the ‘beatification’ ceremony.

122
Q

After the second miracle has been proven, what title is given to the person, and who makes this declaration?

A

The Pope declares the holy person as a ‘saint’.

123
Q

How many miracles are required by a martyr?

A

One

124
Q

Under what circumstances may a pope dispense with the second miracle?

A

If the Pope wishes to,
If they are a martyr,
or if they are already an unofficial saint.

125
Q

Give two ways in which Catholics believe a saint can help them in their life.

A

Support in Prayers
Following their Example and Deeds

126
Q

Name the four steps to sainthood:

A

Servant of God
Venerable
Blessed
Saint

127
Q

In the early centuries, how did canonisation differ from the modern-day method?

A

In the first centuries, it was by acclamation of the community that sainthood was pronounced, similar to a spiritual popularity contest, but because the stories of some of the early saints’ lives were later found to be exaggerated or even purely legend, this method eventually gave way to a more structured process, which is used today.

128
Q

Who may ask their local bishop to start the cause of canonisation?

A

Someone who knew the holy person due to their good deeds and qualities, or someone who may have been part of their religious community.

129
Q

What is meant by ‘instantaneous’?

A

A person goes from very sick or terminally ill to healthy in a very short time, usually days.

130
Q

What is meant by ‘lasting’?

A

The cure was not a fluke (meaning coincidence or chance) or a brief remission. The cure needs to last for at least a year or more.

131
Q

What is meant by ‘unexplainable’?

A

The person’s return to health may not be even possibly attributed to any other course of treatment.

132
Q

To verify that an illness-related miracle has happened, who is asked to investigate the person’s illness at a deeper level?

A

To verify these criteria, doctors and scientific experts analyse medical records and weigh in on the credibility of these claims. Even non-religious people are invited to disprove the miracle.

133
Q

Apart from verification from experts, what else is needed as evidence to prove that a medical miracle has taken place?

A

There must be evidence that people prayed for the intercession of the holy person before the miraculous cure happened and they did not enlist the help of any other saint.

134
Q

Apart from declaring a holy person as ‘Blessed’, what else may take place during the ceremony of Beatification?

A

A feast day is chosen to be celebrated in certain places having to do with this blessed person,
and churches and schools may be named after them.

135
Q

Where does the Beatification of a Holy Person usually take place?

A

In the local diocese that had promoted the cause of canonisation.

136
Q

Where does the declaration of a holy person becoming a saint almost always happen?

A

At St Peter’s Basilica in Rome

137
Q

Give three examples of religious order:

A

Passionists
Monastics
Nuns

138
Q

What are Papal Encyclicals?

A

a pastoral letter written by the Pope for the whole of the Roman Catholic Church on matters of doctrine, morals and/or discipline.

139
Q

What did Pope Francis state in ‘Laudato Si’?

A

He urges us to take better care of our common home, Earth, as environmental damage affects all of us, espeecially the poor, as they are stressing over social injustice and marginilisation, and so we need to work together, as we are all intertwined in God’s body, to protect our planet.

RE Y9 EOY (5 decks)

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