lead

Question 1

what is lead

Answer 1

Lead is a toxic heavy metal

Lead is a soft gray metal element that occurs naturally in the earth.

Question 2

sources of lead

Answer 2

lead was added to paint, gasoline, ongoing or historic mining, commercial or industrial operations
Lead from old lead paint may contaminate household dust and nearby soil.
Soil may still have high lead levels resulting from pre-1976 gasoline.
Lead enters the dust or air in businesses that involve lead.
Lead mines or smelters may contaminate nearby soil or water.

Question 3

how can people be exposed to lead?

Answer 3

• Inhalation of lead dust contributes to a build up in the body and may be the major route for workers in lead-related occupations..
• Ingestion of foods, water, and alcohol may be significant for certain populations.
• Ingestion is the primary way the general population, especially children, are exposed to lead.
• Ingestion of certain home remedies.
• Ingestion of lead paint or inhalation of lead dust or fumes is a major source for children in the United States.

Question 4

biology of lead disposition

Answer 4

Lead is stored for long periods in mineralizing tissue such as teeth and bones
Lead is can be released again into the bloodstream from these sources during times of bodily stress, such as
Pregnancy
Breastfeeding
calcium deficiency
osteoporosis (thinning of the bones)

Question 5

Effects of lead exposure on young children

Answer 5

Lowered IQ
Learning disabilities
Attention deficit and hyperactivity
Other behavioral issues
Impaired hearing
Anemia
Decreased growth

Question 6

Effects of lead exposure on adults

Answer 6

Similar to children, although generally at higher lead levels

Thyroid

problems with pregnancy/offspring

reproduction/fertility issues

Question 7

symptoms of ACUTE lead intoxication

Answer 7

GI effects
(colic,  severe pain; severe constipation)

Acute encephalopathy

Acute nephropathy

Question 8

symptoms of lead intoxication on children

Answer 8

growth retardation and behavioral problems

Question 9

symptoms of CHRONIC lead intoxication

Answer 9

Peripheral, central neuropathy

Cardiac toxicity

Chronic nephropathy

Saturnine gout

Reproductive effects

Hypertension?

Anemia

Question 10

Neurological manifestations of lead toxicity CENTRAL AND PEDIATRIC

Answer 10

Lethargy, wakeful

Irritability

Clumsiness, ataxia

Projectile vomiting

Visual Ds

Delerium, convulsions, coma

Lower Q performance

Question 11

Neurological manifestations of lead toxicity PERIPHERAL AND ADULT

Answer 11

Lead palsy
(median n.c. slowing; wrist/foot drop; demyelinating disease)

Lead colic

Muscle weakness

Behavioral, memory

Question 12

Primary prevention of lead hazards

Answer 12

Lead hazard mitigation law (LHML) 2002

Intent: To prevent childhood lead poisoning in RI by:
Increasing the supply of safe rental housing in Rhode Island
Improving public awareness of lead issues

Question 13

LANDLORD RESPONSIBILITIES FOR PREVENTION

Answer 13

​​Take a lead hazard awareness seminar
Evaluate the property for lead hazards
Correct identified lead hazards
Get an independent clearance inspection
Get a Certificate of Conformance

Question 14

Landlord complaints for prevention

Answer 14

Costly
Burdensome
Should be responsibility of parents
No children at my property- why do I have to comply?
Compliance is low because there is no enforcement of the law: New in 2011 Code can cite if no COC

Question 15

How did the water get into flint?

Answer 15

copper pipes contained led and the water in flint is more corrosive than the previous water source of detriot.

what to do?
It’s really about inhibiting corrosion

And additives such as calcium hydroxide sodium bicarbonate, and sodium carbonate