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LEA Practical 2 > LEA Written Final Part 2 > Flashcards

LEA Written Final Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Superior and inferior surfaces of L1-L3 are _____ and ___ shaped

A

parallel and kidney bean shaped

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2
Q

L3/L4 vertebrae are ____ shaped and contribute to the lumbar curve

A

wedge shaped

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3
Q

_____ processes arise from the junction of pedicles and laminae, except for _____

A

transverse processes,

except for L5

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4
Q

Lumbar transverse processes increase in size from _____ and decrease in size from ____

A

increase L1-L3

decrease L4-L5

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5
Q

The ______ processes are for attachment of small segmental muscles and a small ligament

A

Accessory processes

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6
Q

_____ processes are for the attachment of multifidus muscles

A

mammillarry

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7
Q

Superior facets face _____ and inferior articular facets face _____

A

superior medially

inferior laterally

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8
Q

The L5 vertebrae has the _____ body and is very ____ shaped. The inferior articular facets face _____

A

largest body, wedge shaped

face frontal

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9
Q

_____ meet in the midline and contribute to the formation of spinous process

A

laminae

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10
Q

______ is the narrowing of vertebral canal

A

Stenosis

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11
Q

Facet joint hypertrophy can result in ________ stenosis and anteriorly, ______ stenosis

A

lateral spinal stenosis

foraminal stenosis

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12
Q

______ is any degenerative osteoarthritic change in spine

A

Spondylosis

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13
Q

_______ is a frequent cause of lumbar nerve root encroachment in the elderly

A

Lumbar spondylosis

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14
Q

Interlaminar space exists between laminae in __-___

A

L3 + L4

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15
Q

__-__ vertebrae are a good level to do a lumbar puncture/spinal tap

A

L3 + L4

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16
Q

What are the 4 boundaries of an intervertebral foramen?

A

Disc
Body of vert
Pedicles
Facet joints

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17
Q

The ________ ligament runs between vertebrae

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament

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18
Q

The disc involved in herniation will be in the disc ____ above the vertebra off the same # of the affected spinal nerve

A

above

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19
Q

Orientation of the lumbar spine is limits free movement to ____/_____.

A

Flexion/extension

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20
Q

Side bending/rotation in the lumbar spine is limited except for ____

A

L5/S1

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21
Q

In the development of vertebrae, chondrifcation begins at ______ week, ossification begins at ____ week, and at term, the body has an ____ body and a ___ spine

A

Chondrification at 6th

ossification at 9-10 weeks

at term ossified body, cartilaginous spine

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22
Q

Neural arches begin to fuse during ___ year and cervical region fuses at ____ year, and by year ____ fusion is complete down lumbar

A

begins at 1s year

cervical fuses at 3rd

lumbar at 6

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23
Q

Spina bifida ____ is hidden and has a tuft of hair

A

occulta

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24
Q

Spina bifida ____ is from an opening

A

Aperta

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25
Q

Meningocele contains ____

A

fluid

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26
Q

Meningomyelocele contains ___

A

fluid + nervous tissue

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27
Q

Lateral sacral crest represents _____

A

fused transverse processes and costal elements

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28
Q

Transverse ridges of sacrum represent ____

A

Intervertebral joints

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29
Q

Median sacral crest represents ___

A

fused spinal processes

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30
Q

Sacral groove represents the fused ___

A

laminae

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31
Q

The sacral hiatus transmits _____

A

s5 and co spinal nerves

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32
Q

The intermediate sacral crest represents __

A

fused superior and inferior articular processes

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33
Q

The inferior articular processes of S5 are called the ___

A

sacral cornea (horns)

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34
Q

The ventral and dorsal sacral forming are connected to the sacral canal by the ___

A

intervertebral foramen

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35
Q

The sacral symphysis is a ____ joint

A

secondary cartilaginous

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36
Q

What skeleton is the coccyx part of?

A

Axial skeleton

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37
Q

What feature does the first 1st coccygeal segment have?

A

Cornua + small transverse processes

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38
Q

The angle of obliquity is ____ degrees and larger in _____

A

10-15 degrees, larger in females

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39
Q

The angle of obliquity measures the ____ and the ____

A

long axis of diaphysis and the LOG

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40
Q

The ange of inclination is a measure of _____ and the ____

A

long axis between neck/head and long axis of the diaphysis

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41
Q

The angle of inclination is ____ degrees and less in ____

A

126 degrees and less in females

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42
Q

Coxa vara is ____ degrees and leads to ____

A

<120 degrees and stress on femoral neck

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43
Q

Coxa valga is ____ degrees and leads to

A

> 135, leads to increased joint pressure

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44
Q

The Q angle measures what?

A

Line from ASIS to middle of patella

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45
Q

Q angles are _____ for males, ____ for females.

Large Q angles create ____, small Q angles create

A

males 10-14 degrees
females 15-17 degrees

Large angle -> valgrum, knock-kneed

small angle -> vacuum, bowleggedness

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46
Q

The femoral head is covered with _____

A

hyaline cartilage, except fovea

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47
Q

Size of male femoral head is ____ and female is ____

A

male >47 mm

female 43 mm

48
Q

What is the normal angle of torsion?

A

15 degrees

49
Q

What is normal femoral neck ante version?

A

Approx 15 degrees

50
Q

The tubercle on the femur is for attaching the _____

A

IT band

51
Q

The ____ side of the femoral neck joints the shaft at the intertrochanteric line

A

anterior

52
Q

The _____ side of the femoral neck joins the shaft at the intertrochanteric crest

A

posterior

53
Q

Superiorly, the femoral neck ends at the ____

A

greater trochanter

54
Q

Inferiorly, the femoral neck ends at the ____

A

less trochanter

55
Q

The intertrochanteric line becomes the ______ posteriorly

A

spiral line

56
Q

The medial lip of the femur is formed by the ____ and the ___

A

pectineal line

Spiral line

57
Q

The nutrient foramina of the femur points ____

A

towards the hip joint “flees the knees”

58
Q

The linea aspera terminates as the ___ and ___

A

medial supracondylar ridge at the adductor tubercle and lateral supracondylar ridge

59
Q

The _______ is a thin vertical plane of bone from the compact bone of the shaft and joints the spongy bone of the neck

A

calcar femorale

60
Q

The weak area between the pressure and tension lamellae that prone to hip fractures is ___

A

Ward’s triangle

61
Q

Ossification of the femur stars with the shaft at ____ , the condyles at _____.

A

Shaft at 7 weeks gestation

Condyles at 9 months

62
Q

The greater trochanter and the lesser trochanter appear at _____ and ____. The head at ____.

A

Greater trochanter at 4th year

Lesser trochanter at 11-14

Head at 6months birth

63
Q

The secondary ossification center appear in order of ______

A

Lesser T
GReater T
Head
Condyles

64
Q

What side of the patella is larger?

A

Lateral is larger

65
Q

The deep tendon reflex is ____ rami

A

L2-L4

66
Q

The origin of psoas major

A

Ventral fibers of intervertebral discs/bodies of T12-L5

Dorsal fibers from inferior edges of transverse processes of L1-L5

67
Q

The insertion of psoas major

A

Lesser trochanter

68
Q

Innervation of psoas major

A

L1-L3 (twigs from ventral rami)

69
Q

Action of psoas major

A

Hip flex, lateral rotation of flex hip, active in sit ups and leg raises

70
Q

Origin of iiiacus

A

iliac fossa, iliac crest, lateral part of sacrum, ventral sacroiliac/iliolumbar ligs

71
Q

Insertion of iliacus

A

Lesser trochanter

72
Q

Innervation of iliacus

A

L2-L3, twigs from ventral rami

73
Q

Action of iliacus

A

Hip flexor, active during sit ups and leg raises

74
Q

Origin of psoas minor

A

T12 + L1 vertebral bodies/disc

75
Q

Insertion of psoas minor

A

iliopubic eminence

76
Q

Innervation of psoas minor

A

L1 (twig from ventral ramus)

77
Q

Action of psoas minor

A

Weak trunk flexion (Does not cross hip)

78
Q

Blood supply to the lower limb comes off the ____ iliac

A

external iliac artery

79
Q

The ____ iliac artery supplies the gluteal region and medial thigh

A

Internal iliac artery

80
Q

The subinguinal space contents

A

Femoral vessels, nerve lympahatics, iliopsoas, pectineus

81
Q

The obturator canal contents

A

Obturator vessels +nerve

82
Q

The Greater sciatic foramen contents

A 
Sup/Inf. gluteal vessels +nerves
Sciatic nerve
Pudendal nerve
Internal pudendal vessels
Posterior cutaneous nerves of thigh, 
Tendon of piriformis
Nerves to lateral rotators
83
Q

Lesser sciatic foramen contents

A

pudendal nerves and internal pudendal vessels, tendon to obturator interns, nerve to obturator internus

84
Q

Lumbar plexus is composed of ____

A

T12, L1-L4

85
Q

The sacral plexus is composed of __

A

L4-S4

86
Q

The iliohypogastric nerve is what rami

A

Ant T12,L1

87
Q

The ilioinguinal nerve is what rami

A

Ant L1

88
Q

The genitofemoral nerve is what rami

A

Ant L1,L2

89
Q

The lat. femoral cut. nerve is what rami

A

Post L2,L3

90
Q

The femoral nerve is what rami

A

Post L2,L3,L4

91
Q

The obturator nerve is what rami

A

Ant. L2,L3,L4

92
Q

The accessor obturator nerve is what rami

A

Ant. L3, L4

93
Q

The superficial fascia of the abdominal wall is called ____

A

Camper’s fascia

94
Q

The deep membranous fascia of the lower abdominal wall is called

A

Scarpa’s fascia

95
Q

The ___fascia of the abdomen is continuous with the fatty superficial fascia of the thigh

A

Deep membranous fascia

96
Q

The ____ fascia of the abdomen is not continuous with the fascia late

A

superficial fascia

97
Q

Superficial to the peritoneum is the ______ fascia

A

exztraperitoneal fascia

98
Q

___ and ___ fascia contribute to the femoral sheathe

A

Transversalis and iliac fasciae

99
Q

What passes under the inguinal ligament?

A 
Femoral NAVEL
Nerve
Artery
Vein
Lymph node/lacunar ligament
100
Q

The obturator nerve anterior division innervates

A 
Pectinius 
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Gracilis
Cutaneous on medial thigh
101
Q

The obturator nerve posterior division innervates

A

Adductor magnus
Adductor brevis
Obturator externus

102
Q

The muscle branches of the femoral nerve go to the ___ and the ___

A

Articular branch to hip joint

Articular branch to the knee/hip joint to quad. femoris

103
Q

The lateral hip has cutaneous innervation from

A

Lat. cutaneous nerve

104
Q

The medial inner thigh cutaneous is innervated by

A

medial femoral cutaneous nerve

105
Q

The lower medial thigh/calf is innervated cutaneous by

A

saphenous nerve

106
Q

The ant. division of femoral nerve innervates

A

Cutaneous anterior thigh

Muscular branch sartorius

107
Q

The post. division of femoral nerve innervates

A 
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius + articularis genus
Cutaneous saphenous nerve
108
Q

What is the leading cause of lateral knee pain in runners?

A

IT band syndrome

109
Q

Where does the IT band insert?

A

lateral tibia condyle, femur, head of fibula, aponeurosis of vastus laterals

110
Q

What compartment does the IT band cover?

A

Lateral extensor compartment

111
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the IT band?

A

Iliac crest

112
Q

What two muscles insert into the IT tract?

A

Glut max + tensor fasciae latae

113
Q

Where does the adductor canal end?

A

Adductor hiatus

114
Q

What are the adductor canal walls?

A

Roof- sartorius
Anteriolateral - vastus medialis
Posterior- adductor longus + magnus

115
Q

What are the adductor canal contents?

A

Femoral artery + vein, saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis

116
Q

What are the structures within the femoral triangle?

A

femoral nerve, artery, vein,

great saphenous vein (Draining into femoral)

LEA Practical 2 (9 decks)

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