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LEA Practical 2 > LEA Written Final Part 2 > Flashcards

LEA Written Final Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Superior and inferior surfaces of L1-L3 are _____ and ___ shaped

A

parallel and kidney bean shaped

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2
Q

L3/L4 vertebrae are ____ shaped and contribute to the lumbar curve

A

wedge shaped

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3
Q

_____ processes arise from the junction of pedicles and laminae, except for _____

A

transverse processes,

except for L5

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4
Q

Lumbar transverse processes increase in size from _____ and decrease in size from ____

A

increase L1-L3

decrease L4-L5

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5
Q

The ______ processes are for attachment of small segmental muscles and a small ligament

A

Accessory processes

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6
Q

_____ processes are for the attachment of multifidus muscles

A

mammillarry

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7
Q

Superior facets face _____ and inferior articular facets face _____

A

superior medially

inferior laterally

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8
Q

The L5 vertebrae has the _____ body and is very ____ shaped. The inferior articular facets face _____

A

largest body, wedge shaped

face frontal

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9
Q

_____ meet in the midline and contribute to the formation of spinous process

A

laminae

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10
Q

______ is the narrowing of vertebral canal

A

Stenosis

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11
Q

Facet joint hypertrophy can result in ________ stenosis and anteriorly, ______ stenosis

A

lateral spinal stenosis

foraminal stenosis

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12
Q

______ is any degenerative osteoarthritic change in spine

A

Spondylosis

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13
Q

_______ is a frequent cause of lumbar nerve root encroachment in the elderly

A

Lumbar spondylosis

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14
Q

Interlaminar space exists between laminae in __-___

A

L3 + L4

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15
Q

__-__ vertebrae are a good level to do a lumbar puncture/spinal tap

A

L3 + L4

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16
Q

What are the 4 boundaries of an intervertebral foramen?

A

Disc
Body of vert
Pedicles
Facet joints

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17
Q

The ________ ligament runs between vertebrae

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament

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18
Q

The disc involved in herniation will be in the disc ____ above the vertebra off the same # of the affected spinal nerve

A

above

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19
Q

Orientation of the lumbar spine is limits free movement to ____/_____.

A

Flexion/extension

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20
Q

Side bending/rotation in the lumbar spine is limited except for ____

A

L5/S1

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21
Q

In the development of vertebrae, chondrifcation begins at ______ week, ossification begins at ____ week, and at term, the body has an ____ body and a ___ spine

A

Chondrification at 6th

ossification at 9-10 weeks

at term ossified body, cartilaginous spine

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22
Q

Neural arches begin to fuse during ___ year and cervical region fuses at ____ year, and by year ____ fusion is complete down lumbar

A

begins at 1s year

cervical fuses at 3rd

lumbar at 6

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23
Q

Spina bifida ____ is hidden and has a tuft of hair

A

occulta

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24
Q

Spina bifida ____ is from an opening

A

Aperta

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25
Meningocele contains ____
fluid
26
Meningomyelocele contains ___
fluid + nervous tissue
27
Lateral sacral crest represents _____
fused transverse processes and costal elements
28
Transverse ridges of sacrum represent ____
Intervertebral joints
29
Median sacral crest represents ___
fused spinal processes
30
Sacral groove represents the fused ___
laminae
31
The sacral hiatus transmits _____
s5 and co spinal nerves
32
The intermediate sacral crest represents __
fused superior and inferior articular processes
33
The inferior articular processes of S5 are called the ___
sacral cornea (horns)
34
The ventral and dorsal sacral forming are connected to the sacral canal by the ___
intervertebral foramen
35
The sacral symphysis is a ____ joint
secondary cartilaginous
36
What skeleton is the coccyx part of?
Axial skeleton
37
What feature does the first 1st coccygeal segment have?
Cornua + small transverse processes
38
The angle of obliquity is ____ degrees and larger in _____
10-15 degrees, larger in females
39
The angle of obliquity measures the ____ and the ____
long axis of diaphysis and the LOG
40
The ange of inclination is a measure of _____ and the ____
long axis between neck/head and long axis of the diaphysis
41
The angle of inclination is ____ degrees and less in ____
126 degrees and less in females
42
Coxa vara is ____ degrees and leads to ____
<120 degrees and stress on femoral neck
43
Coxa valga is ____ degrees and leads to
>135, leads to increased joint pressure
44
The Q angle measures what?
Line from ASIS to middle of patella
45
Q angles are _____ for males, ____ for females. Large Q angles create ____, small Q angles create
males 10-14 degrees females 15-17 degrees Large angle -> valgrum, knock-kneed small angle -> vacuum, bowleggedness
46
The femoral head is covered with _____
hyaline cartilage, except fovea
47
Size of male femoral head is ____ and female is ____
male >47 mm | female 43 mm
48
What is the normal angle of torsion?
15 degrees
49
What is normal femoral neck ante version?
Approx 15 degrees
50
The tubercle on the femur is for attaching the _____
IT band
51
The ____ side of the femoral neck joints the shaft at the intertrochanteric line
anterior
52
The _____ side of the femoral neck joins the shaft at the intertrochanteric crest
posterior
53
Superiorly, the femoral neck ends at the ____
greater trochanter
54
Inferiorly, the femoral neck ends at the ____
less trochanter
55
The intertrochanteric line becomes the ______ posteriorly
spiral line
56
The medial lip of the femur is formed by the ____ and the ___
pectineal line Spiral line
57
The nutrient foramina of the femur points ____
towards the hip joint "flees the knees"
58
The linea aspera terminates as the ___ and ___
medial supracondylar ridge at the adductor tubercle and lateral supracondylar ridge
59
The _______ is a thin vertical plane of bone from the compact bone of the shaft and joints the spongy bone of the neck
calcar femorale
60
The weak area between the pressure and tension lamellae that prone to hip fractures is ___
Ward's triangle
61
Ossification of the femur stars with the shaft at ____ , the condyles at _____.
Shaft at 7 weeks gestation Condyles at 9 months
62
The greater trochanter and the lesser trochanter appear at _____ and ____. The head at ____.
Greater trochanter at 4th year Lesser trochanter at 11-14 Head at 6months birth
63
The secondary ossification center appear in order of ______
Lesser T GReater T Head Condyles
64
What side of the patella is larger?
Lateral is larger
65
The deep tendon reflex is ____ rami
L2-L4
66
The origin of psoas major
Ventral fibers of intervertebral discs/bodies of T12-L5 Dorsal fibers from inferior edges of transverse processes of L1-L5
67
The insertion of psoas major
Lesser trochanter
68
Innervation of psoas major
L1-L3 (twigs from ventral rami)
69
Action of psoas major
Hip flex, lateral rotation of flex hip, active in sit ups and leg raises
70
Origin of iiiacus
iliac fossa, iliac crest, lateral part of sacrum, ventral sacroiliac/iliolumbar ligs
71
Insertion of iliacus
Lesser trochanter
72
Innervation of iliacus
L2-L3, twigs from ventral rami
73
Action of iliacus
Hip flexor, active during sit ups and leg raises
74
Origin of psoas minor
T12 + L1 vertebral bodies/disc
75
Insertion of psoas minor
iliopubic eminence
76
Innervation of psoas minor
L1 (twig from ventral ramus)
77
Action of psoas minor
Weak trunk flexion (Does not cross hip)
78
Blood supply to the lower limb comes off the ____ iliac
external iliac artery
79
The ____ iliac artery supplies the gluteal region and medial thigh
Internal iliac artery
80
The subinguinal space contents
Femoral vessels, nerve lympahatics, iliopsoas, pectineus
81
The obturator canal contents
Obturator vessels +nerve
82
The Greater sciatic foramen contents
``` Sup/Inf. gluteal vessels +nerves Sciatic nerve Pudendal nerve Internal pudendal vessels Posterior cutaneous nerves of thigh, Tendon of piriformis Nerves to lateral rotators ```
83
Lesser sciatic foramen contents
pudendal nerves and internal pudendal vessels, tendon to obturator interns, nerve to obturator internus
84
Lumbar plexus is composed of ____
T12, L1-L4
85
The sacral plexus is composed of __
L4-S4
86
The iliohypogastric nerve is what rami
Ant T12,L1
87
The ilioinguinal nerve is what rami
Ant L1
88
The genitofemoral nerve is what rami
Ant L1,L2
89
The lat. femoral cut. nerve is what rami
Post L2,L3
90
The femoral nerve is what rami
Post L2,L3,L4
91
The obturator nerve is what rami
Ant. L2,L3,L4
92
The accessor obturator nerve is what rami
Ant. L3, L4
93
The superficial fascia of the abdominal wall is called ____
Camper's fascia
94
The deep membranous fascia of the lower abdominal wall is called
Scarpa's fascia
95
The ___fascia of the abdomen is continuous with the fatty superficial fascia of the thigh
Deep membranous fascia
96
The ____ fascia of the abdomen is not continuous with the fascia late
superficial fascia
97
Superficial to the peritoneum is the ______ fascia
exztraperitoneal fascia
98
___ and ___ fascia contribute to the femoral sheathe
Transversalis and iliac fasciae
99
What passes under the inguinal ligament?
``` Femoral NAVEL Nerve Artery Vein Lymph node/lacunar ligament ```
100
The obturator nerve anterior division innervates
``` Pectinius Adductor longus Adductor brevis Gracilis Cutaneous on medial thigh ```
101
The obturator nerve posterior division innervates
Adductor magnus Adductor brevis Obturator externus
102
The muscle branches of the femoral nerve go to the ___ and the ___
Articular branch to hip joint Articular branch to the knee/hip joint to quad. femoris
103
The lateral hip has cutaneous innervation from
Lat. cutaneous nerve
104
The medial inner thigh cutaneous is innervated by
medial femoral cutaneous nerve
105
The lower medial thigh/calf is innervated cutaneous by
saphenous nerve
106
The ant. division of femoral nerve innervates
Cutaneous anterior thigh | Muscular branch sartorius
107
The post. division of femoral nerve innervates
``` Rectus femoris Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius + articularis genus Cutaneous saphenous nerve ```
108
What is the leading cause of lateral knee pain in runners?
IT band syndrome
109
Where does the IT band insert?
lateral tibia condyle, femur, head of fibula, aponeurosis of vastus laterals
110
What compartment does the IT band cover?
Lateral extensor compartment
111
What is the proximal attachment of the IT band?
Iliac crest
112
What two muscles insert into the IT tract?
Glut max + tensor fasciae latae
113
Where does the adductor canal end?
Adductor hiatus
114
What are the adductor canal walls?
Roof- sartorius Anteriolateral - vastus medialis Posterior- adductor longus + magnus
115
What are the adductor canal contents?
Femoral artery + vein, saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis
116
What are the structures within the femoral triangle?
femoral nerve, artery, vein, | great saphenous vein (Draining into femoral)

LEA Practical 2 (9 decks)

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