LEA - Angiology Flashcards
which three arteries are remnants of the sciatic (axis) artery?
- inferior gluteal a.
- popliteal a.
- peroneal a.
The sciatic artery is the primordial blood supply to the lower limb. It arises from the umbilical artery and terminates in a foot plexus around week 5 of gestation. During weeks 6 and on, the sciatic artery retreats and leaves these remnants. In rare cases, a persistent sciatic artery (PSA) may occur.
at what level of the spine does the descending aorta divide into the common iliac arteries?
L4
- The left and right common iliac arteries then give rise to the internal and external iliac arteries*
- Trick: Bifourcation of aorta is located at L4*
compression of the left common iliac vein by which artery may lead to persistent pain, swelling and possible blood clots in the left lower extremity?
Right common iliac a.
(known as May-Thurner Syndrome)
Trick: You can remember that this occurs around the L4 vertebral level because the number “4” crosses over itself.
what are the branches of the internal iliac artery?
Anterior trunk:
- Internal pudendal a.
- Inferior gluteal a.
- Obturator a.
Posterior trunk:
- Iliolumbar a.
- Superior gluteal a.
- Lateral sacral a.
the femoral artery is the continuation of what artery?
External iliac a.
- This change in name occurs once the artery traverses beneath the inguinal ligament.*
- The external iliac a. also gives rise to the deep circumflex iliac a. and the inferior epigastric a.*
what arteries make up the cruciate anastamosis?
- Lateral circumflex femoral a. (transverse br.)
- Inferior gluteal a.
- Medial circumflex femoral a.
- First Perforating a. (ascending br.)
- It is located in the upper posterior thigh near the lesser trochanter.*
- Trick: If you don’t have your cruciate, you’re going to LIMP*
what is the major blood supply to the hip joint?
The most significant contribution to the hip joint is from the
medial circumflex femoral a.
Additional contributors include the lateral circumflex femoral a., the superior and inferior a., and the artery of the ligament to the head of the femur.
the artery of the ligament to the head of the femur arises from which artery?
acetabular branch of the obturator a.
The artery of the ligament to the head of the femur is also called the “foveolar artery” and the “artery to ligamentum capitis femoris”.
the femoral artery divides into which two branches?
- Superficial Femoral (aka “femoral”) a.
- Deep Femoral (aka “profunda femoris”) a.
how does the superficial femoral artery terminate?
it terminates at the adductor hiatus where its name changes to the popliteal artery
how does the deep femoral artery terminate?
it gives rise to four perforating arteries that will supply blood to the hamstring muscles
name the components of the genicular anastomosis
trick: 2 above, 3 below, 4 center
Above:
- descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral a.,
- descending genicular a. (incl. the saphenous branch + articular branch)
Below:
- circumflex fibular a.,
- anterior tibial recurrent a.,
- posterior tibial recurrent a.
Center:
- superior lateral genicular a.,
- superior medial genicular a.,
- inferior lateral genicular a.,
- inferior medial genicular a.
the popliteal artery terminates as which two major arteries?
- Anterior tibial a.
- Posterior tibial a.
The popliteal artery terminates at the soleal line on the posterior aspect of the tibia just distal to the knee joint
the anterior tibial artery gives rise to which two arteries of the genicular anastomosis?
- Anterior tibial recurrent a.
- Posterior tibial recurrent a.
the peroneal artery is a branch of which artery?
posterior tibial a.
- The posterior tibial a. has many branches, but the peroneal a. is considered the largest branch.*
- Another branch of significance is the nutrient a. to the tibia, which is the largest nutrient artery in the body*
what are the branches of the peroneal artery?
- Nutrient branch to the fibula
- Perforating branch
- Communicating branch (with posterior tibial a.)
- Posterior lateral malleolar branches
describe the blood supply to the talus
Head & Neck: supplied primarily by the anterior tibial a. (but also from the branches of the posterior tibial a. and peroneal a.)
Body: supplied by the branches of the posterior tibial a. (i.e. artery of the tarsal canal and the deltoid a.)
Posterior tubercles: posterior tibial a. & peroneal a.
you palpate the area posterior to the medial malleolus and feel a pulse.
what artery are you palpating?
posterior tibial a.
- The area you are palpating is known as the tarsal tunnel.*
- This artery, along with the accompanying nerve and venae comitantes, make up the third compartment of the tarsal tunnel*
the medial and lateral tarsal arteries are branches of which artery?
dorsalis pedis a.
- The dorsalis pedis is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery.*
- It begins at the level of the ankle joint, and can be palpated on the dorsum of the foot lateral to the EHL tendon over the cuneiforms*
name the arteries that contribute to the lateral malleolar anastomosis
- Anterior lateral malleolar a. (anterior tibial a.)
- Posterior lateral malleolar a. (peroneal a.)
- Lateral tarsal a. (dorsalis pedis)
- Lateral plantar a. (posterior tibial a.)
- Perforating peroneal a.* (peroneal a.)
name the arteries that contribute to the medial malleolar anastomosis
- Anterior medial malleolar a. (anterior tibial a.)
- Posterior medial malleolar a. (posterior tibial a.)
- Medial tarsal a. (dorsalis pedis)
- Medial plantar a. (posterior tibial a.)
the dorsalis pedis artery terminates as which two named arteries?
- First proximal perforating a. (aka deep plantar perforating)
- First dorsal metatarsal a.
from which artery do the dorsal metatarsal arteries arise?
The first dorsal metatarsal artery arises directly from the dorsalis pedis,
while the second, third, and fourth dorsal metatarsal arteries are branches of the arcuate a.
the posterior perforating arteries arise from what structure(s) on the dorsum of the foot?
second, third, and fourth dorsal metatarsal arteries
