LE/Spine

Question 1

signs of peripheral artery insufficiency

Answer 1

Pallor-dependent rubor
Distal hair loss
Atrophic skin/nails
Ulcers
Necrosis
Cool to palpation
Cap refill >2sec

Question 2

Venous insufficiency

Answer 2

Dilated tortuous superficial veins from defective valves

Question 3

Clinical presentation of venous insufficiency

Answer 3

Dull ache after prolonged standing-relieved w/ elevation
Dependent ankle edema-ulcerations
Superficial thrombosis

Question 4

Varicose veins

Answer 4

Incompetent venous valves

Question 5

Stasis dermatitis

Answer 5

Due to chronic venous insufficiency

Brawny edema

Question 6

Trendelenburg test

Answer 6

Hip drop indicates weak hip abductors on contralateral side

Question 7

Valgus

Answer 7

Knock knees

Question 8

Varus

Answer 8

bow legs

Question 9

Bakers cyst

Answer 9

synovial fluid cyst in popliteal fossa, fluctuant

Question 10

Popliteal artery aneurysm

Answer 10

Due to arteriosclerosis

M>F, >65yo, mostly bilat, Pulsatile swelling behind the knee

Question 11

Bulge sign

Answer 11

minor effusion around patella

Question 12

Ballotment of patella

Answer 12

Large effusion

Question 13

Valgus stress

Answer 13

Test for MCL

Question 14

Varus stress

Answer 14

Test for LCL

Question 15

Evaluation for ACL tear

Answer 15

• Lachman (preferred)

- Ant drawer

Question 16

Evaluation for PCL tear

Answer 16

Post drawer sign

Post sag sign

Question 17

Evaluation for meniscus tear

Answer 17

McMurray’s test

Question 18

Pes planus

Answer 18

Flat foot

Question 19

Pes cavus

Answer 19

High arch

Question 20

Evaluation of ankle sprain

Answer 20

Ant drawer test of ankle

Question 21

Evaluation for DVT

Answer 21

Homan’s sign

Question 22

Evaluation for achilles tendon rapture

Answer 22

Thompson test (squeeze calf = plantar flexion)

Question 23

How is limb length discrepancy measured

Answer 23

ASIS to medial malleolus

Question 24

Evaluation for lumbosacral radiculopathy/sciatic neuropathy

Answer 24

Straight leg raise