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Bio 132 > [LE 02] Ectodermal Derivatives > Flashcards

[LE 02] Ectodermal Derivatives Flashcards

Sense Organs and Skin Development

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1
Q

thickening of the overlying ectoderm

A

cranial placodes

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2
Q

t or f: the endoderm will give rise to neural tissue, cranial sensory system, and epidermis

A

f; ectoderm

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3
Q

t or f: the ectoderm will give rise to neural tissue, cranial sensory system, and hypodermis

A

f; epidermis

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4
Q

the embryonic ectoderm gives rise to these structures

A
  • non-neural ectoderm
  • neural plate border
  • neural plate
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5
Q

the non-neural ectoderm becomes

A

epidermis

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6
Q

the neural plate border becomes

A
  • cranial placodes
  • neural crest
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7
Q

the neural plate becomes

A

central nervous system

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8
Q

t or f: the neural plate gives rise to the neural crest

A

f; neural plate border

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9
Q

t or f: lens is from the neural crest

A

f; cranial placodes

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10
Q

thickenings that have important roles in development of special sensory and other systems

A

cranial placodes

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11
Q

placodes that are involved with hair follicle development

A

integumentary placodes

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12
Q

sense organs form through formation of

A

ectodermal placodes

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13
Q

steps in the formation of the lens vesicle

A
  • optic vesicle approaches the adjacent ectoderm
  • ectoderm thickens to form a lens placode
  • placode invaginates and forms the lens pit
  • the lens pit deepens and pinches off from the ectoderm to form a lens vesicle
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14
Q

t or f; the lens pit forms from the ectoderm via evagination

A

f; invagination

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15
Q

steps in the formation of the otocyst

A
  • otic placode thickens in the region of the developing hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
  • otic placode begins to invaginate forming the otic pit
  • otic pit separates from the surface ectoderm to become the otic vesicle then the otocyst adjacent to the hindbrain
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16
Q

t or f: precursors for different placodes occupy the same position in the head ectoderm

A

f; occupy unique positions

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17
Q

t or f: further into development, placodes can be recognized morphologically because of differentiation

A

t

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18
Q

it is a sensory ganglion of the facial nerve

A

geniculate

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19
Q

coordination between these signal regulate the formation of neural vs non-neural tissue

A

BMP and wnt

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20
Q

t or f: high BMP and wnt becomes the neural crest

A

f; epidermis

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21
Q

t or f: low BMP and wnt becomes the neuroepithelium

A

t

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21
Q

BMP and wnt concentration in the neural crest

A

low BMP, wnt junction

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22
Q

t or f: human multipotent stem cells self-organize into concentric rings of all major ectoderm cell types

A

f; pluripotent

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23
Q

gene expressed in the neural crest

A

Sox10

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24
Q

gene expressed in the epidermis

A

tp63

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25
Q

t or f: spatial regulation of signals contribute to specification of the ectoderm

A

f; temporal regulation

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26
Q

t or f: wnt and BMP expressed in the ectoderm results to neural tissues

A

f; non-neural

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27
Q

t or f: fgf expressed in the ectoderm results in non-neural tissues

A

f; neural

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28
Q

t or f: there is upregulation of fgf from neural to border tissues

A

f; downregulation

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29
Q

t or f: neural tissue must have high wnt and low BMP to form the neural tube

A

f; low wnt and BMP

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30
Q

t or f: to form the neural border from neural tissue, there must be BMP and downregulation of fgf

A

f; wnt

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31
Q

signals needed for the non-neural tissue to become the epiderm

A

wnt and BMP

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32
Q

neural border can become

A
  • neural crest
  • rostral placode
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33
Q

t or f: the neural border becomes the rostral placode if there is high BMP and fgf and low alpha wnt

A

t

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34
Q

t or f: neural border becomes the neural crest if there is high BMP and fgf and low wnt

A

f; low BMP and fgf and high wnt

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35
Q

it gives rise to all sensory placodes in the head

A

pre-placodal region

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36
Q

t or f: otic vesicles is the result of the invagination of the otic placodes

A

t

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37
Q

specification process of the otic placodes

A
  • pharyngeal endoderm secretes fgf8
  • mesoderm is induced to secrete fgf19
  • prospective otic placode and adjacent neural plate receives fgf19
  • adjacent neural plate secretes fgf3 and wnt8c
  • otic placode induction
  • pax2 is activated in the presumptive otic placode
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38
Q

t or f: in the specification of the otic placodes, fgf is secreted by the pharyngeal ectoderm

A

f; endoderm

39
Q

it is induced in the specification of the otic placodes to secrete fgf19

A

mesoderm

40
Q

if this gene is activated, the region will know that they will become the otic placode

A

pax2

41
Q

the statoacoustic ganglion is formed from the ingression of

A

neuroblast

42
Q

ventralizing signal in the otic vesicle region

A

Shh

43
Q

dorsalizing signal in the otic vesicle region

A

wnt

44
Q

AP-restricted signal in the otic vesicle region

A

fgf

45
Q

t or f: eye development involves induction of an optic cup and lens vesicle

A

t

46
Q

it is the region in the neural plate that forms the optic cup

A

eye field

47
Q

region of the brain where eye development occurs

A

prosencephalon

48
Q

t or f: specification of the eye field occurs in later stage of development

A

f; early stage

49
Q

stage wherein the specification of the eye field occurs

A

neural plate stage

50
Q

eye field transcription factors

A
  • pax6
  • six3
  • lhx2
  • tll
51
Q

signal that inhibits otx2 in the specification of the eye field

A

rx1

52
Q

signal that is inhibited by noggin in the specification of the eye field

A

ET

53
Q

t or f: otx2 must be inhibited for the specification of the eye field

A

f; otx2 and noggin

54
Q

defect in this signaling can result in cyclopia

A

shh signaling

55
Q

signal that is involved in craniofacial development and specifies facial patterns

A

Shh

56
Q

signal that is inhibited by Shh in craniofacial development

A

pax6

57
Q

cyclopia in cattle is due to ingestion of this plant

A

Veratrum californicum

58
Q

defect that results in too much Shh

A

diprosopus

59
Q

formation of optic cup and lens vesicle is controlled by what type of signals?

A

spatial/ temporal signals

60
Q

signal that is important for organ patterning

A

pax6

61
Q

invagination of the ectoderm to form the lens vesicle is because of these signals

A
  • pax6
  • sox2
62
Q

t or f: all eye field transcription factors are expressed in the newly formed optic vesicle

A

t

63
Q

cell movement that result to formation of optic vesicle

A

evagination

64
Q

this event causes the invagination of the optic cup

A

interaction between the optic vesicle, surface ectoderm, and extraocular mesenchyme

65
Q

signals expressed in the lens placode and pit

A
  • pax6
  • sox2
66
Q

process that happens between the lens and optic cup to induce morphogenesis and maintains respective fates

A

reciprocal induction

67
Q

signals exchanged between the optic cup and lens placode during reciprocal induction

A
  • fgf8
  • bmp4
  • delta
  • fgf
68
Q

signals released by the optic vesicle to the lens placode during reciprocal induction

A
  • fgf8
  • bmp4
  • delta
69
Q

signal released from the lens placode to the optic vesicle during reciprocal induction

A

fgf

70
Q

signal released by the optic cup to the lens placode

A

fgf

71
Q

formation of the lens vesicle is induced by

A

optic cup

72
Q

this structure differentiates to form the retina

A

optic cup

73
Q

t or f: retina has only one layer

A

f; it is multi-layered

74
Q

structure of the retina

A
  • optic nerve fiber
  • ganglion cells
  • bipolar neurons
  • rod cell
  • cone cell
  • pigment epithelium
75
Q

cells where rod and cone cells are derived from

A

retinal progenitor cells

76
Q

genes present in the RPCs for cones

A
  • otx2
  • olig2
  • oc1
77
Q

genes expressed in the cone precursor

A

otx2

78
Q

genes present in the RPCs for rods

A
  • otx2
  • olig2
79
Q

genes expressed in the rod precursor

A

nrl

80
Q

t or f: cones express nrl

A

f

81
Q

these cells contribute to the corneal epithelium

A

neural crest cells

82
Q

structure that contributes to iris muscles and ciliary body

A

edge of optic cup

83
Q

structures where the lens grow

A

epithelium on the lateral sides

84
Q

protein that accumulates because of the lens fiber binding with genes

A

crystallin

85
Q

crystallin accumulate through the binding of the lens fiber with these genes

A

sox2 and pax6

86
Q

t or f: epidermis is endodermal

A

f; ectodermal

87
Q

t or f: dermis is ectodermal

A

f; mesodermal

88
Q

examples of ectodermal appendages

A
  • hair
  • feathers
  • teeth
  • mammary glands
  • sweat glands
  • sebaceous glands
89
Q

steps in the development of the ectodermal appendages

A
  • thickening/ placode formation
  • bud stage, invagination of the placode
  • continuous interaction facilitates differentiation
90
Q

this process induce epidermal signaling and pattern formation

A

mesenchymal condensations

91
Q

structure that is found in the feather regions

A

pterylae

92
Q

t or f: mesenchymal-derived forces alters epidermal morphology and triggers
nuclear translocation of BMP

A

f; beta-catenin

93
Q

after the mesenchymal-derived forces that altered the epidermal morphology, beta-catenin moves to

A

the nucleus

94
Q

t or f: compression of the epidermis is sensed through the protein β-catenin, which responds to this force by moving to the nucleus

A

t

95
Q

this protein allow to retract light on the retina

A

crystallin

96
Q

if this protein is present, the lens fiber becomes the lens

A

crystallin

Bio 132 (5 decks)

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