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CC Lec > LD to G6PD > Flashcards

LD to G6PD Flashcards

1
Q

Molecular weight of lactate dehydrogenase

A

128,000 dalton

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2
Q

Catalyzes the interconversion of lactic and pyruvic acids by transferring hydrogen using the coenzyme NAD+

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

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3
Q

Lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes interconversion of ___ and ____ by transferring ____

A

interconversion of lactic and pyruvic acids by transferring hydrogen

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4
Q

Coenzyme of lactate dehydrogenase

A

NAD

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5
Q

T/F

The absorbance for NAD is 340 nm

A

False, no absorbance for NAD, only NADH

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6
Q

Show the process for Lactate dehydrogenase

A

Lactate + NAD —LD—-> Pyruvate + NADH + H

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7
Q

Tissue sources for Lactate dehydrogenase

A

heart
liver
skeletal muscle
kidney
erythrocytes

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8
Q

T/F

Brain is a major tissue source of lactate dehydrogenase

A

False, minor only together with:

Lung
Smooth muscle

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9
Q

Marker for Acute Myocardial Infarction that stays the longest

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

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10
Q

Isoenzymes of dehydrogenase

A

LD-1 (HHHH)
LD-2 (HHHM)
LD-3 (HHMM)
LD-4 (HMMM)
LD-5 (MMMM)

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11
Q

HMMM

A

LD-4

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12
Q

HHMM

A

LD3

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13
Q

Tissue sources of LD 2

A

Heart
RBC
Renal cortex

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14
Q

Tissue source of LD 3

A

Lung
Lymphocyte
Spleen
Pancreas

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15
Q

Tissue source of LD 4

A

Cancer cells… (Carcinoma)

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16
Q

Tissue source of LD 5

A

Liver
Skeletal muscle

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17
Q

What isoenzyme is found in Heart, RBC, renal cortex

A

LD-1 and LD-2

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18
Q
A
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19
Q

What isoenzyme is found in lung, lymphocytes, spleen, pancreas

A

LD2

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20
Q

What isoenzyme are found in liver and skeletal muscle

A

LD5

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21
Q

What isoenzyme are associated with carcinoma

A

LD 4

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22
Q

In acute myocardial infarction, there will be a ___ of LD 1 and 2

Explain

A

Flip or reverse

LD 1 will be higher than LD 2

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23
Q

Percentage of LD 2 in serum

A

29 to 39%

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24
Q

Percentage of LD 1 in serum

A

14-26%

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25
Q

Which LD has the highest percentage in serum

A

2

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26
Q

Rank the percentage of LD in serum

A

2>3>1>4>5

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27
Q

Most electronegative LD isoenzyme

A

LD 1

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28
Q

What is the tissue source of the most electronegative LD isoenzyme?

A

Heart
Kidney cortex
Rbc

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29
Q

Optimum pH for forward method of LD

A

8.3-8.9

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30
Q

Optimum pH of reverse method of LD

A

7.1 to 7.6

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31
Q

Most labile isoenzyme of LD

A

LD 5

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32
Q

What method: mixture of phenazine methosulfate and nitroblue tetrazolium reacts with NADH to produce a blue purple color

A

Wacker Method

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33
Q

Wacker Method end color

A

Blue purple

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34
Q

In Wacker Method, phenazine methosulfate is mixed with ____

This mixture reacts with ____ to produce blue purple color

A

Phenazine methosulfate + nutriblue tetrazolium

Reacts with NADH

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35
Q

Two methods for LD

A

Wacker method
Wroblewski La Due Method

36
Q

Cosubstrate for Wroblewski La Due Method

37
Q

Disadvantage of Wroblewski La Due Method

A

Susceptible to S exhaustion and loss of linearity

38
Q

3x Faster method for ld

A

Wroblewski La Due Method

39
Q

Reference range for LD

A

125–220 U/L

40
Q

Effect of hemolysis in LD

A

False increase

41
Q

T//F

Loss of activity of LD 5 occurs more quickly at 4°C than at 25°C

42
Q

LD Isoenzyme analysis should be done within ___ at ___ C

A

within 24 hours at 25°C.

43
Q

involved in the transfer of an amino group between aspartate and α-keto acids

A

Aspartate aminotransferase

44
Q

AST is involved in the transfer of amino group between aspartate and ___

A

α-keto acids

45
Q

coenzyme of AST

A

pyridoxal phosphate

46
Q

aspartate + α-ketoglutarate ➔ ___ + ___

A

oxaloacetate + glutamate

47
Q

Tissue source of AST

A

cardiac tissue
liver
skeletal muscle

48
Q

T/F

AST is decreased in pulmonary embolism

A

False

Increase

49
Q

AST is decreased in what disease

50
Q

AST isoenzymes (2)

A

Cell cytoplasm AST
Mitochondrial AST

51
Q

What AST isoenzyme is more abundant

A

Cell cytoplasm AST

52
Q

AST methods

A

Karmen method
Reitman-Frankel Method

53
Q

Absorbance for karmen method

54
Q

Karmen method is a test for

55
Q

Two enzymes responsible for karmen method

A

AST
Malate dehydrogenase

56
Q

Indicator enzyme for Karmen method

A

Malate dehydrogenase

57
Q

T/F

In karmen method, decrease in absorbance is measured

58
Q

Optimal pH for karmen method

59
Q

Reagent used in Rietman-Frankel method

A

2-4 dinitrophenyl hydrazine

60
Q

In ____ method,

____ is reacted to DNPH to form ___

A

Ketoacids is reacted to 2,4-dinitrophenyl-hydrazine (DNPH) to form ketoacid hydrazones

61
Q

Product of reitman frankel

A

Intense brown color

62
Q

Absorbance for reitman frankel

63
Q

False increase or decrease for AST

Hemolysis

64
Q

False increase or decrease for AST

Ascorbic acid

66
Q

False increase or decrease for AST

Mercury

67
Q

Causes of false decrease in AST

A

Fluoride
Cyanide
Mercury

68
Q

Reference range for AST

69
Q

LD peaks at how many hours

70
Q

AST is elevated in AMI for how many days

71
Q

What is the second and signed the rise in concentration after an AMI

72
Q

Catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from alanine to α-ketoglutarate

A

Alanine aminotransferase

73
Q

AST is also known as

A

Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase

74
Q

ALT is also known as

A

Serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase

75
Q

Tissue source of ALT

A

liver and cardiac tissue

76
Q

T/F

Hemolysis leads to false increase in ALT

A

False

Unaffected

77
Q

Cause of false decrease in ALT

A

heavy metals

78
Q

Reference range of ALT

A

7–45 U/L

79
Q

Catalyze hydrolysis of various phosphomonoesters

A

Alkaline phosphatase

80
Q

Alkaline phosphatase catalyze hydrolysis of various ____

A

Phosphomonoester

81
Q

optimal pH for ALP

82
Q

Activators of ALP

A

Mg2+ and Mn2+

83
Q

This requires Mg2+ and Mn2+ as activators

84
Q

tissue sources for ALP

A

intestine
liver
bone (osteoblasts)
spleen
placenta

85
Q

Isoenzymes of ALP

A

Liver (major liver band and fast liver band)
Bone
Placenta
Intestine

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