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CC Lec > LD to G6PD > Flashcards

LD to G6PD Flashcards

1
Q

Molecular weight of lactate dehydrogenase

A

128,000 dalton

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2
Q

Catalyzes the interconversion of lactic and pyruvic acids by transferring hydrogen using the coenzyme NAD+

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

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3
Q

Lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes interconversion of ___ and ____ by transferring ____

A

interconversion of lactic and pyruvic acids by transferring hydrogen

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4
Q

Coenzyme of lactate dehydrogenase

A

NAD

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5
Q

T/F

The absorbance for NAD is 340 nm

A

False, no absorbance for NAD, only NADH

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6
Q

Show the process for Lactate dehydrogenase

A

Lactate + NAD —LD—-> Pyruvate + NADH + H

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7
Q

Tissue sources for Lactate dehydrogenase

A

heart
liver
skeletal muscle
kidney
erythrocytes

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8
Q

T/F

Brain is a major tissue source of lactate dehydrogenase

A

False, minor only together with:

Lung
Smooth muscle

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9
Q

Marker for Acute Myocardial Infarction that stays the longest

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

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10
Q

Isoenzymes of dehydrogenase

A

LD-1 (HHHH)
LD-2 (HHHM)
LD-3 (HHMM)
LD-4 (HMMM)
LD-5 (MMMM)

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11
Q

HMMM

A

LD-4

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12
Q

HHMM

A

LD3

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13
Q

Tissue sources of LD 2

A

Heart
RBC
Renal cortex

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14
Q

Tissue source of LD 3

A

Lung
Lymphocyte
Spleen
Pancreas

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15
Q

Tissue source of LD 4

A

Cancer cells… (Carcinoma)

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16
Q

Tissue source of LD 5

A

Liver
Skeletal muscle

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17
Q

What isoenzyme is found in Heart, RBC, renal cortex

A

LD-1 and LD-2

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18
Q
A
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19
Q

What isoenzyme is found in lung, lymphocytes, spleen, pancreas

A

LD2

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20
Q

What isoenzyme are found in liver and skeletal muscle

A

LD5

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21
Q

What isoenzyme are associated with carcinoma

A

LD 4

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22
Q

In acute myocardial infarction, there will be a ___ of LD 1 and 2

Explain

A

Flip or reverse

LD 1 will be higher than LD 2

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23
Q

Percentage of LD 2 in serum

A

29 to 39%

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24
Q

Percentage of LD 1 in serum

A

14-26%

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25
Which LD has the highest percentage in serum
2
26
Rank the percentage of LD in serum
2>3>1>4>5
27
Most electronegative LD isoenzyme
LD 1
28
What is the tissue source of the most electronegative LD isoenzyme?
Heart Kidney cortex Rbc
29
Optimum pH for forward method of LD
8.3-8.9
30
Optimum pH of reverse method of LD
7.1 to 7.6
31
Most labile isoenzyme of LD
LD 5
32
What method: mixture of phenazine methosulfate and nitroblue tetrazolium reacts with NADH to produce a blue purple color
Wacker Method
33
Wacker Method end color
Blue purple
34
In Wacker Method, phenazine methosulfate is mixed with ____ This mixture reacts with ____ to produce blue purple color
Phenazine methosulfate + nutriblue tetrazolium Reacts with NADH
35
Two methods for LD
Wacker method Wroblewski La Due Method
36
Cosubstrate for Wroblewski La Due Method
NADH
37
Disadvantage of Wroblewski La Due Method
Susceptible to S exhaustion and loss of linearity
38
3x Faster method for ld
Wroblewski La Due Method
39
Reference range for LD
125–220 U/L
40
Effect of hemolysis in LD
False increase
41
T//F Loss of activity of LD 5 occurs more quickly at 4°C than at 25°C
True
42
LD Isoenzyme analysis should be done within ___ at ___ C
within 24 hours at 25°C.
43
involved in the transfer of an amino group between aspartate and α-keto acids
Aspartate aminotransferase
44
AST is involved in the transfer of amino group between aspartate and ___
α-keto acids
45
coenzyme of AST
pyridoxal phosphate
46
aspartate + α-ketoglutarate ➔ ___ + ___
oxaloacetate + glutamate
47
Tissue source of AST
cardiac tissue liver skeletal muscle
48
T/F AST is decreased in pulmonary embolism
False Increase
49
AST is decreased in what disease
Uremia
50
AST isoenzymes (2)
Cell cytoplasm AST Mitochondrial AST
51
What AST isoenzyme is more abundant
Cell cytoplasm AST
52
AST methods
Karmen method Reitman-Frankel Method
53
Absorbance for karmen method
340
54
Karmen method is a test for
AST
55
Two enzymes responsible for karmen method
AST Malate dehydrogenase
56
Indicator enzyme for Karmen method
Malate dehydrogenase
57
T/F In karmen method, decrease in absorbance is measured
True
58
Optimal pH for karmen method
7.3-7.8
59
Reagent used in Rietman-Frankel method
2-4 dinitrophenyl hydrazine
60
In ____ method, ____ is reacted to DNPH to form ___
Ketoacids is reacted to 2,4-dinitrophenyl-hydrazine (DNPH) to form ketoacid hydrazones
61
Product of reitman frankel
Intense brown color
62
Absorbance for reitman frankel
505
63
False increase or decrease for AST Hemolysis
Increase
64
False increase or decrease for AST Ascorbic acid
Increase
66
False increase or decrease for AST Mercury
Decrease
67
Causes of false decrease in AST
Fluoride Cyanide Mercury
68
Reference range for AST
5-35 U/L
69
LD peaks at how many hours
72 hours
70
AST is elevated in AMI for how many days
Five days
71
What is the second and signed the rise in concentration after an AMI
AST
72
Catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from alanine to α-ketoglutarate
Alanine aminotransferase
73
AST is also known as
Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase
74
ALT is also known as
Serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase
75
Tissue source of ALT
liver and cardiac tissue
76
T/F Hemolysis leads to false increase in ALT
False Unaffected
77
Cause of false decrease in ALT
heavy metals
78
Reference range of ALT
7–45 U/L
79
Catalyze hydrolysis of various phosphomonoesters
Alkaline phosphatase
80
Alkaline phosphatase catalyze hydrolysis of various ____
Phosphomonoester
81
optimal pH for ALP
9.0-10.0
82
Activators of ALP
Mg2+ and Mn2+
83
This requires Mg2+ and Mn2+ as activators
ALP
84
tissue sources for ALP
intestine liver bone (osteoblasts) spleen placenta
85
Isoenzymes of ALP
Liver (major liver band and fast liver band) Bone Placenta Intestine
86
87
88

CC Lec (4 decks)

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