LCEM (2021) Flashcards
The Pierce Tiller ladder consists of tractor drawn___ section aerial ladder.
Four
Aerial reach
- 107 feet above ground at 75°
- 100 feet horizontal at 0°
Maximum angle above horizontal
77°
What is the tip of the aerial rated at? (Full extension)
750 pounds dry
500 pounds wet
The tip consists of the last two rungs.
The aerial has the capability of going ____ below horizontal by adjusting the stabilizers and 15° below horizontal when _____.?
- 5°
- Manipulating stabilizers and the aerial
Overriding the rotation interlock system can lead to what?
Tipping of the ladder truck
What restricts ladder movement went system hydraulic pressure is not present?
Holding valve cartridges and a rotational brake.
Ladder has a safety factor of___based on the rated load
2:1
What is activated when stabilizers are in motion?
A stabilizer deployment warning (beeper) on each side.
The turntable is also illuminated by work lights that are activated by the_____?
Aerial master switch
If the electronic system has failed in the manual Ariel or stabilizer controls are being used, the EPU switch located at the_____will be the only one active.
Manual stabilizer controls
How many emergency stop button’s are located on the ladder?
3, one on each side of the ladder and one located at the turntable control console.
Engaging the emergency stop button will cause all functions of the aerial to?
Stop immediately.
What happens when the emergency stop button is depressed at any of the three locations on the ladder?
A red light will illuminate at each of the lower control stations and a warning will appear in the lower right hand corner of the touchscreen located at the turntable
Where is there an air horn located other than in the cab?
And what can it be used for?
- On the turntable control console.
- Can be used to aid and sounding evacuation signals if necessary
What features are on the turntable control console?
–Rung alignment indicator –Emergency hydraulic power switch – Tip tracking light switch – Ladder illumination switch – Water flow gauge – aerial speed switch (high idle switch) – monitor deploy and stow control switch – Nozzle deployed/fault indicator – emergency stop button – Horn – Nozzle controls for up down left or right – touchscreen
What two things are found on older tiller ladder control consoles?
– Hydraulic system pressure gauge – water flow gauge display selector button
The aerial controls required by NF PA to be in the same order on all ladder trucks.
They are as follows:
Left side: extend and retract
Middle: right and left
Right side: lower and raise
If the ladder is short jacked the touchscreen will display what warning?
How do you get rid of the warning?
- A red warning triangle In the bottom right hand corner.
- It goes away on its own after you touch the triangle and it explains the warning.
Appears 107 foot ascendant tiller ladder is equipped with__special emergency ladder functions That are only to be used when___or when these functions are being tested by the engineer.
4
The apparatus itself is not operating properly
What are the four special emergency ladder functions?
- Override switch
- Emergency hydraulic power switch
- aerial/stabilizer emergency power switch, the manual override stabilizer controls, and manual override aerial controls
- electrical failure operations: using the manual override stabilizer controls, and manual override aerial controls ONLY.
The aerial/stabilizer emergency power switch is used when___?
The apparatus has a total catastrophic failure
What does the aerial/stabilizer emergency power switch activate?
The electric back up pump
When using the manual override Ariel controls, The collision avoidance system is
Deactivated
When operating older chiller ladders what must the operator ensure before bedding the aerial?
The operator must ensure the nozzle is stowed before bedding the aerial.
The emergency pump unit (EPU) is used for special emergency ladder functions to Stowe the aerial in case of?
Primary pump failure. (When the main system hydraulic pump is not operating)
The ladder truck has ___batteries. The EPU only uses ___ of these batteries. 
6
1
The telescoping waterway is constructed of____tubing and consists of what size tube in each section?
-Anodized aluminum
Tubing sizes in each section: – Base section: 4.5 inch – lower midsection: 4 inch – Upper mid section: 3.5 inch – Fly section: 3 inch
What is installed to protect the waterway from an excessive pressure range?
An adjustable pressure relief valve. (Preset to 250 psi)
The waterway seals are a___design. They will withstand pressures up to___ and temperatures in excess of ____.
- Type B PolyPak
- 2000psi
- 250°F
As part of the maintenance schedule, lubricating the exterior of the ladder pipe should be done using a ___of___.
Light coat of automatic transmission fluid
Three communication systems on the ladder truck.
- Intercom (station at turntable console and tip)
- Headphones
- Beep system
What do the beeps mean when using the audible alarm from the tiller cab?
One beep = stop
Two beeps = go
Three beeps = backup
The Tillerman has__places to activate the audible alarm: The floor switch and the switch in the center of the steering wheel.
The engineer driving the tractor only has__button on the dashboard.
2
1
The gen PTO switch provides power for the ______.
Two cord reels, Tiller Cab A/C, and other functions.
When the tiller steering column is locked (pin en place) in a similar to a ____ _____, in terms of driving.
Semi truck.
The steering column lock is used to
Transport the ladder long distances
Engines are able to extend a line if needed, the length of the aerial is ____?
Finite
First arriving ladder on scene of a structure fire should position the ladder with the following in mind:
· aerial placement · intended use · expected progression of the fire · width needed for Jack deployment · overhead wires
Sparring the ladder truck near a corner permits the ladder company to place the turntable in a position to___?
Reach two sides of the structure
The most advantageous location for spotting the ladder truck will be determined by the _____ and where the aerial will____?
· Situation
· have the greatest impact on the fire scene.
How can you help gain a greater amount of aerial clearance to lower floors? (tiller ladders)
Angle the tractor and Tiller cab away from the involved structure.
For the _____, angling the cab away from the involved structure will allow for a greater amount of aerial clearance.
Tower Ladder
For the straight stick (rear mount) ladder, _____ provides the greatest amount of aerial clearance.
Backing into the structure
-Reasons an aerial may need to be raised.
(Aerial does not have to be raised at every fire)
· ladder pipe operations · elevated rescue · elevated ventilation · egress for interior crews · gain access to upper levels · used as an exterior standpipe · special rescue situation · overhead scene lighting
The expected progression of the fire is determined by many variables including:
Wind, building construction, size of the fire, size of the structure, and exposures.
When must you weigh the variables of expected progression of the fire?
At the time of arrival
Fully extended stabilizers go out approximately__from the side of the ladder.
5 feet
Jack placement considerations (4):
· avoid manhole covers and storm drains
· concrete is better than asphalt
· undisturbed earth (not sand)
· avoid underground parking facilities
Power line considerations for aerial (3):
· maintain at least 20 foot clearance from powerlines and 50 foot clearance from high-voltage powerlines.
· high voltage powerlines can art to the aerial
· do not run the aerial between wires
It is critical that you leave the apparatus after it has contacted a powerline____.
- Jump landing with both feet together.
* Allow no part of your body to touch the apparatus and the ground at the same time.
Scrub area:
The area that can be reached by the aerial
Factors affecting scrub area:
Type of ladder truck, setback from the building, obstructions, spotting of the ladder and or other apparatus, etc.
If the scrub area is going to be the upper floors of a structure consider____the setback from the ladder to the structure.
Shortening
Setback:
Setback is the distance from the working side of the ladder truck to the building
The tiller ladder with Ariel fully retracted needs a minimum setback of___ from the side of the ladder truck to the tip of the aerial.
30 feet (roughly 15 paces)
*This distance is with the aerial position at a 90° angle to the ladder truck and with 0° elevation.
Can you manually slide the waterway from rescue mode to fire mode?
- If the aerial is elevated and extended you will not be able to.
– If a blitz attack is going to be performed and the aerial is lowered into this position the waterway can be manually slid into fire mode from rescue mode if necessary.
When supplying a ladder pipe within 100 feet, the recommended initial PDP is___(any nozzle).
150 PSI
*proper flow adjustments can be made by communicating with the ladder company engineer.
If the nozzle is going to be controlled from the tip of the aerial during a blitz attack, the firefighter must do so while _______ and not______.
•  standing on the ground and not on the tip.
*Placing a fire fighter on the tip will overload the aerial.
On older ladder trucks….what must first be attached to the stream shaper and then the nozzle in order to create a blitz attack?
A 30° elbow
Aerial Akron automatic fog nozzle:
- GPM 500 - 2000
- Ladder pipe limited to 1000 GPM, with tower ladders being the only exception.
- The nozzle is equipped with manual controls for up/down and left/right
 The total Tiller ladder stabilizer spread is ____ via one set of ___- style stabilizers. 
·17’
· H-style
Depend inserted into the jack when it is set to the desired height is a safety feature used to _____.
Prevent the vertical jack from retracting in case of system failure.
When shortjacking the stabilizers must be ____ on the side of the ladder where the area is going to be operating.
Fully extended.
The only way for the aerial to move to the short jacked side is to use the…?
Aerial override controls.
Ground pads should be used….
At all times.
Using cribbing to level the surface you are jacking from (5 points):
· Level the stack on the first layers so the Jack foot sits on a level surface.
· always use the apparatus ground pads as the top layer
· Cribbing should cover at least as much area as the ground pads
· frequently inspect cribbing during operation for settling, slippage, cracking, bending, crushing or shear failure.
· cribbing should never be taller than twice the width of the cribbing base.
Ladder truck must be leveled within the limits shown in…
The Pierce manual
- in these conditions, the apparatus angle indicators will be within the green range.
If you must operate with the grade or slope apparatus angle indicators outside of the green range, but still within the yellow range, then the device can be operated at___capacity.
50%
Jackknife angle warning light colors and degree angle range:
· Green: 0° – 30°
· Amber: 30° – 60°
· Red: >60°
When the ladders Aerial master switch is engaged, the jackknife warning light ____.
- Turns off.
* For this reason, do not ride around with the aerial master switch engaged.
Fly section steps are located at__locations on the aerial; at the top of the _____ section, and at the top of the _____ section.
· Two locations:
– Top of the 3rd (upper mid) section
– Top of the 4th (fly) section

A ____ should always be used when working from the tip of the aerial.
Ladder belt
When should the high idle switch the placed on “normal” rather than “fast”?
When approaching structures and while firefighters are on the aerial. 
When placing an aerial to the roof, how many rungs above the roof line should it be placed?
3 to 5 rungs (More if possible) and turn on scene lights. 
If only one beam of the aerial touches the roofline, this can place a_____ _____onto the aerial causing damage.
Torsional load
*It can also cause the aerial to slide along the roofline.
When placing the aerial to a window for access, place it at the _____ or just below it.
Window sill
*Allows for easier access and egress by keeping the window clear.
To rescue victims with the aerial….
Raise the aerial above the victim, then slowly lower it to them.
*Bringing the aerial in from the low to rescue a victim could cause the victim to jump onto the aerial, potentially shock loading it. 
Rescuer should assist able bodies individuals down the aerial by staying __ rung below them.
1
*Small children should be carried down the aerial
Can you ventilate a window with the tip of the aerial?
Yes, in extreme circumstances for victim rescue. This method should be a last resort.
Create an exterior standpipe with the aerial:
Place the aerial and fire fighting mode, raise the aerial to the desired location, attach the hose to the end of the smoothbore nozzle attached to the ladder pipe.
*This will not work with the automatic fog nozzle connected.
If there is not an immediate need to rescue a victim via a ground ladder, the 1st ground ladder should be placed on the__ side.
C side.
*continue to place ground ladders around the structure as needed.
All roof and extension ladders are rated at ____.
750lbs
If ground ladders are exposed to heat greater than ____, the heat indicators will turn ____ and the ladders should be _____.
300°F
Black
Taken out of service.
10’ Folding / Attic Ladder weight limit:
300lbs
A ground ladder being placed for roof access should _______. This makes it easier for crews working on the roof to see the ladder and allow the crews to get on and off the ladder with ease.
Extend 3 to 5 rungs above the roof line.
Ladders carried by ladder companies and their weight specifications:
(1) – 14’ roof ladder: 750 lbs
·Combination Ladder: 300 lbs
(Little Giant) 17’ Max Height
· VES Ladder: Approx. 7’
(Weight limit not tested.)
(2) – 10’ attic ladders: 300 lbs
(2) – 16’ roof ladders: 750lbs
20’ roof ladders: 750 lbs
28’ extension ladders: 750 lbs
· 16’ bedded
35’ extension ladders: 750 lbs
· 20’ bedded
Normal complement of power saws carried by JFRD ladders:
(2) Chainsaws
(2) Rescue Saws
(1) Reciprocating Saw
Husqvarna K970 / Rescue saw (K12)
– Max depth of cut: 5 inches 
– Max blade diameter: 14 inches
– Fuel: mixed gas (50:1 ratio)
– Adjustable blade guard
Where is the decompression valve found on newer and older Rescue saws? 
On top of newer saws and on the side of older saws. 
Rescue saw blades carried by ladder companies:
· D-Ax: light gauge metal, wood, roofing.
· Diamond blade: Concrete, masonry, metal, plastic, wood, rebar, copper, glass block, windshields, auto parts, tile, aluminum, stainless steel, corrugated roofs and “everything else”.
Diamond blades can become dull when the wrong feeding pressure is used or….
Sharpen the blade by cutting in a soft material such as…
– When cutting certain materials such as heavily reinforced concrete.
– Sandstone or brick
When DRY cutting with a diamond blade, lift the blade out from the cut every___and let it rotate in the air for__seconds to let it cool.
– 30 to 60 seconds…
– 10 seconds…
*Diamond blades for dry cutting can be used both with and without water cooling. 
Diamond blades for wet cutting must be….
Water cools the blade and increases its service life while also reducing the…
– Water cooled
– Formation of dust
- Ladders normally carry __ chainsaws and engines carry __.
- The saws carried by the ladders will normally be ______and have a ______.
- Ladders (2), Engines (1)
2. More powerful, longer bar.
DeWalt reciprocating saw:
20 V battery operated with interchangeable blades
When the hose roller is used in conjunction with hose it should be placed…
Used to conjunction with rope it should be attached…
- Hose: placed on the last rung of the aerial to protect hose from abrasion.
- Rope: should be attached a minimum of one rung from the last.
- By doing this the rope is captured between two rungs of the aerial*
Lyfe pulley: (Carried by some ladders)
- Can be used in Lou of the hose roller for rope operations.
- The capacity of the lyfe pulley system is 500 pounds or the remaining tip load, whichever is lower.

Latter trucks carry pipe poles ranging in size from ______ to reach taller ceilings.
8’ to 16’
Hydra ram specifications:
- Weight: 12 pounds
- Maximum thrust opening: 4 inches
- Designed to be used by (1) firefighter to force inward swinging doors.
JFRD carries___different types of ventilation fans. They are…
3 types:
- Gas powered
- Electric A/C
- Electric and battery operated (A/C & D/C)
CFM is measured when the fan is
At full power
ALL JFRD‘s fans can be used for_____or______.
Positive pressure ventilation (PPV)
OR
Negative pressure ventilation (NPV)
A way to estimate if the Come of air is being properly placed into the opening is by…
Standing between the fan and the opening. 
When using positive pressure ventilation, The ____ opening should be smaller than the____opening.
Exit should be smaller than the entry 
Only attempt to clear 1– 2 rooms at a time using PPV. Once the room is clear, close the door and then move onto the next room avoiding recirculation. 
Adding additional fans during the PPV operation is referred to as_____.
Super charging
24 inch Supervac gas fan
- Approximately 21,000 CFM
- Setback: 6 feet
- Newer models have a removable 10 foot exhaust extension with heat shield.
18 inch RamFan
- Approximately 10,000 CFM
- set back: 14 feet
- Electric or battery operated (AC or DC) (2) 40 Volt Batteries
- runtime of approximately 20 minutes on battery power
- In DC operation this fan must first “Wake up“ causing a slight delay.
18 inch tempest electric fan
– Electric (AC only)
– approximately 12,000 CFM
– setback: 8 feet
Hurst Edraulic tools:
- Spreaders:
· 28 inch spreading distance
- Cutters:
· 8 inch cutter opening - Ram:
· 53 inches fully extended

Hurst strong-arm:
- Features interchangeable tips: Combination “Spreader and Cutters” and Door Tips.
- approximately 8.5” spread with combination tip.
- approximately 7 inch spread with the door opener tip.
- designed to work in heat and smoke environments
- Will cut up to 3/8” rebar, 2 x 4 wood, and grade 43 chain. 
- The other Hurst hydraulic tools can utilize a 43 foot AC/DC inverter whereas the strong arm cannot.
Is the Hurst strong-arm battery compatible with the rest of the Hurst Edraulic tools?
No.
Applying a __________and or _______ the cutters can lead to blade failure.
(Hurst)
Tortional load and or tip loading
The purpose of a Bunky brace is for
Basic stabilization
Rescue 42 Telecrib Junior
– Working load: 5000 pounds
– Length: 41”collapsed,
69” extended
– Weight: 30 pounds
The adz tool is used for passive forcible entry or through the lock. Specifically, the ____.
Rim lock
The two tools used for passive forceable entry or through the lock, specifically the rim lock.
Adz tool, K tool
Recommended generator operations should stay within___ of the rated capacity (2880 Watts)
80%
If the demand is beyond generator capacity, turn off______.
Tiller cab AC
The purge valve on the mask found in the RIT bag can be used in two ways. What are they?
· clear the mask of smoke after donning it on the victim
· if the downed fire fighter is unable to breathe deeply enough to engage the second stage regulator, pressing the purge valve will give them air.
Old style RIT rope
- 130’ to 140’ long
- Metal rings tied to the road every 20’
- After every ring, there are knots denoting distance into the structure. 10’ increments
- One in two out knots
New style RIT rope
– 220’
– Ring every 10’
– There are 2 knots before the ring and 1 knot after the ring, keeping 1 in 2 out. 
Extrication equipment carried by ladders
Change, highlift jack, cribbing, J hooks, come alongs. 
Barnes portable submersible pump:
AKA “sump pump”
– .33 hp, 120 V
– No on/off switch
– 20 foot power cord with 19 foot wire cord protection.
– At a depth of 19 feet, it can pump approximately 50 GPM
– Used for dewatering
– Fitted with a 1.5” male thread to attach hose
 The drop-down nozzle is a___nozzle attached to a____ long section of 2 1/2 inch hose. 
Distributor
26’
At 150 psi, the drop-down nozzle will provide___GPM and will cover a___diameter.
550 GPM
36’ Diameter
The attic nozzle is ideal for fires caused by…
Lightning strikes
Ladders carry ladder belts and class___harnesses that encompass the full body.
3
Scene light adjustable tripods extend up to _____’ tall with light
12’
Two air chisels normally found on JFRD ladder trucks are the___air chisel and the___air chisel.
- Top Gun: 90-200 psi
- Streeper: 300 psi
The airbag pop out safety zone is…
45° from the most likely direction of travel
The air controller is equipped with a pop off valve that will activate at ____ psi. 
145
The most commonly used elevator key is _____ followed by the _____.
Drop key
Half moon
The elevator control key (phase 1, phase 2) is normally inserted_____near or inside the______and then again_______.
On the main floor near or inside the elevator lobby
Inside whichever elevator car is to be used
Victims who are over come by smoke trying to escape are often found near…?
Exterior doors
 Tasks that may need to be completed but NOT communicated over the radio:
– Pl. an attic ladder near the front door
– place a fan near the structure
– Start the fan (when told to do so)
Some water keys have a brass chain on the end….what is it used for?
To ground the tool and protect against electrical shock
Water main valves will normally be found….
This is because they will be located…
Near or in the street
Directly on top of the water main
Basic parts of a single phase electrical service:
- Electrical drop
- Weather head
- Conduit bringing power from the weatherhead to the meter
- Meter
- Main breaker
- Electrical panel
*All six parts may or may not be present on scene
If a three phase drop must be cut, contact ____.
JEA
The electrical hazards associated with solar panels are going to be related to
DC power
