Lazarus and Susan Folkmans transactional model of stress and coping

Question 1

psychological processes

Answer 1

mental functions, including both cognitive and emotional factors that have the potential to shape how an individual interprets a stressor

Question 2

a psychological process is subjective, what does this mean

Answer 2

the interpretations of stressors are based on or influences by personal feelings or preferences. they are unique to every individual

Question 3

lazarus abd folkmans transactional model of stress and coping

Answer 3

proposes that stress is a subjective ‘transaction’ between an incoming stressor and the personal and environmental factors specific to an individual. according to the model, stress results from a percieved imbalance between the requirements if the stressor and an individuals avaliable coping resources

Question 4

what are the main two stages of the transactional model of stress and coping

Answer 4

primary apprasial and secondary apprasial

Question 5

what occurs in the primary apprasial

Answer 5

first the individual decides whether or not the incoming stimulus will cause them to be stressed, it can be appraised as bengign positive, irrelevent or stressful. If it is stressful it is then regarded as harm/loss, threat or challenge

Question 6

what occurs if the stimulus is regarded as benign positive or irrelevent

Answer 6

the incoming stimulus is diregardedb

Question 7

bengign positive

Answer 7

stimulus appraised as neutral or good that does not cause stress for the individual

Question 8

irrelevent

Answer 8

stimulus appraised as a non-issue for the individual

Question 9

stressful (primary appraisal)

Answer 9

stiumulus appraised as a source of worry or emotional signficance for the individual

Question 10

harm/loss primary appraisal

Answer 10

stressor appraised as having caused some damage to the individual, the individual has already experienced direct distress as a result of the stressor

Question 11

threat primary appraisal

Answer 11

stressor appraised as potentially causing damage to the individual in the future

Question 12

challenge primary appraisal

Answer 12

stressor appraised as potentially providing a positive opportunity

Question 13

secondary apprasial

Answer 13

the individual evaluates their coping resources, deciding what types of coping mechanisms or strategies will be needed to confront the stressor and whether or not these are avaliable to them

Question 14

what occurs in the secondary appraisal

Answer 14

the individual decides whether they know what resources are needed to cope with the stressor and these are avaliable to them to either reduce or eliminate stress or result in reapprasial. or the individual believezs their coping resources cannot meet the demands of the stressor

Question 15

what are the two types of coping strategies to deal with a stressor

Answer 15

emotion-focused coping and problem-focused coping

Question 16

emotion focused coping

Answer 16

the use of coping strategies that target the emotional compoenets of the stressor, dealing with it indirectly rather than confronting its source, avoidant

Question 17

problem-focused coping

Answer 17

the use of coping strategies that directly target the source of the stressor, aiming to reduce it in a practical way, approach

Question 18

re-appraisal

Answer 18

we revaluate the stressor, which can occcur at any time