Layers of the earth

Question 1

Outermost layer of the earth

Answer 1

Crust

Question 2

Dense, thin, younger tightly packed and found in
water

Answer 2

Oceanic Crust

Question 3

Thicker and found in lava

Answer 3

Continental Crust

Question 4

Holds the continents, the solid and rigid outer
layer
*Composed of the crust and upper asthenosphere

Answer 4

Lithosphere

Question 5

The mostly solid bulk of the earth’s interior

Answer 5

Mantle

Question 6

• Semi solid and ductile, tectonic
  plates move on top of this layer. Holds convection currents.

Answer 6

Upper Mantle / Asthenosphere

Question 7

• Pressure is so great that rocks move
  slower.

Answer 7

Lower Mantle / Mesosphere

Question 8

• Innermost layer of the planet

Answer 8

Core

Question 9

As hot as the sun, is solid due to high pressure.
Contains hardened iron

Answer 9

Inner core

Question 10

• Less pressure allows it to stay liquid form. Has
  melted iron and nickel and makes up most of the core.

Answer 10

Outer core

Question 11

This theory believes in the fact that all continents were once
part of a bigger continent called Pangea
- This is supported by:
a.Similar landscape across different islands
b.Continents looking like puzzle pieces separated
c. Fossils of terrestrial animals spread across islands
- Discovered by Alfred Wegener
- The proof would come far later in the future through…

Answer 11

The Continental Drift Theory / Pangea Theory

Question 12

• A theory that dives deeper into the “Why” aspect of the
  pangea theory
• This theory states that the convection currents are the reason
  for the drifting of the continents
• Using a seismograph, scientists discovered the plate margins
  that run across the globe, splitting the world into the
  continents.
• Seismograph measures seismic waves releasing from plate
  margins.
• It is through these plate margins that the convection currents
  are released, causing the formation of different landscapes

Answer 12

The Tectonic Plate Theory

Question 13

A theory that explains how the tectonic plate theory affects
the landscape.
- When the oceanic and continental crust converge, the oceanic
crust goes underneath the continental crust due to its density.
- That process is called subduction and a subduction zone is the
zone where the oceanic crust sinks due to its density.
- The oceanic crust gets closer to the mantle where it burns
due to the convection currents
- After burning, the lava flows in the mantle until it finds a plate
margin underwater to pour out of
- In the plate margins, lava flows out turning into magma
which pushes the oceanic crust into the continental crust,
thus creating more lava in the process
- Convergent plates of oceanic and continental are what cause
the movement of continents because as the seafloor widens,
so does the gap between plate margins

Answer 13

Seafloor Spreading Theory

Question 14

Results in the oceanic crust sinking and melting before
reemerging in the plate boundaries.
- Responsible for the drifting of continents

Answer 14

Convergent Boundaries (Oceanic to Continental)

Question 15

Are responsible for the formation of mountains
- Also creates a subduction zone

Answer 15

Convergent Boundaries (Continental to Continental)

Question 16

The denser crust sinks and forms another subduction zone
- As the denser crust sinks, some fluids are released and
partially melt the ingenious rock, possibly rising and erupting
as underwater volcanoes

Answer 16

Convergent Boundaries (Oceanic to Oceanic)

Question 17

Occurs when two tectonic plates separate and pull away,
forming valleys, mountain wrangler, and rift valleys
- In oceanic crust divergent boundaries, the magma leaks out
of the plate boundary, cooling into magma

Answer 17

Divergent Boundaries

Question 18

Happens when the tectonic plates slides in opposite
directions, like a two trains in a subway
- Fault lines and rift valleys are also a result of this

Answer 18

Transform Boundaries

Question 19

are caused through convergent boundaries in
subduction zones where the motion of the plates build
pressure
- Overtime, the pressure will be too much for the rocks to
handle and the energy will release at once, causing
earthquakes

Answer 19

Earthquakes

Question 20

formed in underwater earthquakes where the
pressure makes a huge wave

Answer 20

Tsunamis

Question 21

The cycle of heat found in the asthenosphere

Answer 21

Convection Currents

Question 22

• The tool used to measure seismic waves

Answer 22

Seismograph

Question 23

Edge of a tectonic plate, usually where plates drift away or
against each other

Answer 23

Plate Margins

Question 24

• The quantity of vibrations coming from the build up of
  pressure in the mantle

Answer 24

Seismic Waves

Question 25

The process in which a tectonic plate sinks beneath another
plate due to a convergent boundary

Answer 25

Subduction

Question 26

A word for when plate tectonics collide with each other

Answer 26

Converge

Question 27

The area in which a tectonic plate sinks beneath another plate

Answer 27

Subduction Zone

Question 28

Usually found in the ocean and is more or less cooled down
lava

Answer 28

Igneous Rock

Question 29

Plates that are separated by the plate margins and usually
hold the continents

Answer 29

Tectonic Plates