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EARTH SCIENCE > Layers of the Earth > Flashcards

Layers of the Earth Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 different layers of the Earth?

A

Crust, mantle, outer core and inner core

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2
Q

Most outer layer of the earth where we live on.

A

Crust

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3
Q

Thinnest layer of the earth. Solid layer made of rock

A

Crust

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4
Q

How many kilometers thick does the crust is?

A

Around 30 kilometers thick

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5
Q

Second most outer layer of the earth and is a really thick liquid layer made of molten rock.

A

Mantle

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6
Q

Thickest layer of the earth

A

Mantle

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7
Q

SOLID OR LIQUID

Mantle

A

LIQUID

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8
Q

IDENTIFY

The mantle is sometimes called a ____________ instead of liquid.

A

plastic layer

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9
Q

How many kilometers thick does the mantle is?

A

3,000 kilometers thick

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10
Q

What part of the earth is next to the outer core?

A

Mantle

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11
Q

What part of the mantle is hotter than the rest?

A

Mantle closest to the outer core.

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12
Q

What is being made in the mantle that move the crust above around?

A

currents

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13
Q

Explain the cycle in the mantle.

A

The part of the mantle that is hotter is lighter, so it floats to the top and cools. After it has cooled, it sinks again because it is heavier.

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14
Q

Hotter : ________

A

lighter

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15
Q

cooler : ________

A

heavier

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16
Q

Third most outer layer of the earth.

A

Outer core

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17
Q

Center and solid layer of the earth.

A

Inner core

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18
Q

Inner core is made up of?

A

Nickel and iron

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19
Q

SOLID OR LIQUID

Inner core

A

SOLID

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20
Q

How many kilometers thick does the inner core is?

A

250-400 kilometers thick

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21
Q

Hottest layer of the earth.

A

Inner core

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22
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The inner core is solid even though it is the hottest layer of the earth.

A

TRUE

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23
Q

Why inner core stays solid?

A

Because there is so much weight on it. The little bits that make it up have no room to move.

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24
Q

What are the 3 types of plate tectonic boundaries?

A

Convergent, divergent and transform boundaries

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25
Q

What is convergent plate boundary?

A

The plates move towards each other.

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26
Q

What is transform plate boundary?

A

The plates slide past one another.

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27
Q

What is divergent plate boundary?

A

The plates move away from each other.

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28
Q

Who proposed that the continents were once a single supercontinent called Pangaea (all land).

A

Alfred Wegener

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29
Q

What is the name of the single supercontinent?

A

Pangaea

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30
Q

What does Pangaea means?

A

all land or all the earth

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31
Q

Alfred Wegener’s theory that the continents were once a single supercontinent called Pangaea (all land).

A

Continental drift theory

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32
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Over time, this supercontinent slowly broke apart into what we have today - the 6 continents.

A

FALSE, 7 continents

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33
Q

What are the 4 evidence of Alfred Wegener to support his theory?

A

Puzzle, fossils, rock types and climate

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34
Q

Explain those 4 evidence of Alfred Wegener.

A

;))

35
Q

What is the theory of plate tectonics?

A

The crust is broken up into pieces that move on top of the liquid mantle (asthenosphere).

36
Q

liquid mantle

A

asthenosphere

37
Q

IDENTIFY

These pieces of crust are called _________.

A

Tectonic plates/plates

38
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Plates are moving extremely slowly but continuously.

A

TRUE

39
Q

How many inches do crust moves?

A

1-2 inches

40
Q

Why we do not feel that the crust is moving?

A

Because it has a minimal measurement of 1-2 inches per year.

41
Q

Enumerate the 7 major plates.

A

Eurasian, African, Australian-Indian, North American, Pacific, Antarctic and South American.

42
Q

Enumerate the 7 intermediate plates.

A

Caribbean, Cocos, Nazca, Arabian, Philippine, Juan de Fuca and Scotia

43
Q

What are the 2 main types of plates?

A

Oceanic and continental

44
Q

Why oceanic plates subduct underneath continental crust?

A

Because it is denser (heavier).

45
Q

DENSER OR LESS DENSE

Continental plates

A

LESS DENSE

46
Q

DENSER OR LESS DENSE

Oceanic plates

A

DENSER

47
Q

What does it mean when a material has a high density? What happens?

A

It is very compact, so it will be heavy. It will sink.

48
Q

What does it mean when a material has a low density? What happens?

A

It is less compact, so it will be lighter. It will float.

49
Q

IDENTIFY

Geologists often refer to the rocks of the continental crust as “________”.

A

“sial”

50
Q

What does sial stands for?

A

SI licate and AL uminum

51
Q

What are the most abundant minerals in the continental crust?

A

silicate and aluminum

52
Q

Lithosphere is made up of?

A

Crust and top of the upper mantle

53
Q

Asthenosphere is made up of?

A

Rest of the upper mantle that is made of melted rock.

54
Q

Upper mantle : __________

A

melted rock

55
Q

Lower mantle : __________

A

solid rock

56
Q

What is being created as the earth spins, creating charged particles?

A

Earth’s magnetic field

57
Q

Why inner core is a solid layer?

A

Due to its extreme temperature brought by nickel and iron, capability of melting of the nickel and iron and reach their melting point, and extreme gravitational pressure.

58
Q

Contains all known life in the universe.

A

Crust

59
Q

Earth’s crust is divided into 2 types. What are those?

A

Continental crust and oceanic crust

60
Q

IDENTIFY

Geologists often refer to the rocks of the oceanic crust as “________”.

A

“sima”

61
Q

What does sima stands for?

A

SI licate and MA gnesium

62
Q

What are the most abundant minerals in the oceanic crust?

A

silicate and magnesium

63
Q

IDENTIFY

Mantle is divided into ____________ and ____________.

A

upper mantle and lower mantle

64
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Oceanic and continental plates come together, spread apart and interact at boundaries all over the planet.

A

TRUE

65
Q

Each crust, mantle and core can be further divided into 2 parts. What are those?

A

Oceanic and continental crust, upper and lower mantle and outer and inner core.

66
Q

In depth study, core is made up of 2 parts. What are those?

A

liquid outer core and solid inner core

67
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Inner core is made up of nickel, iron and light elements.

A

FALSE, outer core

68
Q

What are the reasons why earth is constantly moving?

A

Due to the rotation on its axis, revolution around the sun and plate tectonics.

69
Q

What are the 2 layers of the earth divided into?

A

Compositional layers and mechanical layers

70
Q

It talks about the earth’s elements, materials and properties. Crust, mantle and core are included in this layer.

A

Compositional layers

71
Q

It talks about movement. Lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, liquid outer core and solid inner core are included in this layer.

A

Mechanical layers

72
Q

Starting point of high temperature and increase in pressure.

A

Mesosphere

73
Q

______ million years ago, all continents are connected to each other forming a super continent called __________.

A

200, Pangaea

74
Q

What does Pangaea means?

A

“all the earth” or “all land”

75
Q

What theory is made when Pangaea broke down into small continents?

A

Continental drift theory

76
Q

Where 2 tectonic plates meet?

A

At boundaries

77
Q

3 types of plate tectonic boundaries.

A

Convergent, divergent and transform

78
Q

What zone is formed at convergent plate boundaries?

A

Subduction zone

79
Q

What is subduction zone?

A

Denser plate will sink, while less dense crust will move up.

80
Q

Plates in this boundary can collide and could form a mountain range.

A

Convergent plate boundary

81
Q

How earthquakes are created at transform plate boundaries?

A

When pressure builds up in the fault line until it creates an earthquake.

82
Q

Plates slide past each other.

A

Transform plate boundary

83
Q

Plates move apart from one another. An example of this is a sea floor movement.

A

Divergent plate boundary

84
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The Philippine plate is an intermediate plate included in the Pacific major plate.

A

TRUE

EARTH SCIENCE (4 decks)

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