Layers of skin

Question 1

Name the three layers/components of skin

Answer 1

hypodermis (subcutaneous), dermis, epidermis

Question 2

What is another name for the subcutaneous layer of skin?

Answer 2

hypodermis

Question 3

The subcutaneous layer is skin is made from a loose connective tissue called…

Answer 3

adipose tissue OR subcutis tissue

Question 4

The subcutaneous layer of skin is ___% fat

Answer 4

80%

Question 5

Name some of the components of the hypodermis

Answer 5

blood vessels, nerves, fibers, adipose cells, fibroblasts

Question 6

What is the layer of skin that sits between the hypodermis and the epidermis?

Answer 6

dermis

Question 7

The dermis is ___ times thicker than the epidermis

Answer 7

25

Question 8

Name the two layers within the dermis

Answer 8

reticular layer and papillary layer

Question 9

This is the denser and deeper layer of the dermis, comprised mostly of collagen and elastin

Answer 9

reticular layer

Question 10

This upper layer of the dermis that connects the dermis to the epidermis

Answer 10

papillary layer

Question 11

The name for the membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis

Answer 11

dermal papillae

Question 12

Cone-shaped structures at the bottom of a hair follicle

Answer 12

hair papillae

Question 13

The name for a protein substance of complex fibers that give skin its strength and is necessary for wound healing

Answer 13

collagen

Question 14

Produced by fibroblasts, collagen makes up ___% of the dermis

Answer 14

70%

Question 15

This is the fibrous protein that forms elastic tissue and gives skin its elasticity

Answer 15

elastin

Question 16

Derived from the Greek word “kolla” for glue and “gennan” for to produce — what is this word?

Answer 16

collagen

Question 17

What is the most abundant protein in the body?

Answer 17

collagen

Question 18

What is the name for the large protein molecules and water-binding substances found between the fibers of the dermis?

Answer 18

Glycosaminoglucans (GAGs)

Question 19

Within the dermis, what kind of vessels remove waste products, bacteria, and excess fluid?

Answer 19

lymph vessels

Question 20

A term that refers to the layers of connective collagen tissue with pockets and holes that connect the dermis to the epidermis

Answer 20

dermal/epidermal junction

Question 21

What is another name for the dermis?

Answer 21

derma/corium/true skin

Question 22

The name for a hydrating fluid found in the skin

Answer 22

hyaluronic acid

Question 23

What is the name for the layers of connective collagen tissue where collagen fibrils meets keratin filaments?

Answer 23

Dermal/epidermal junction

Question 24

What are the five strata of the epidermis?

Answer 24

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum germinativum

(Come Let’s Get Skin Glowing)

Question 25

What is the outer-most stratum of the epidermis?

Answer 25

Stratum corneum

Question 26

A fibrous protein that provides resilience and protection, found in all layers of the epidermis

Answer 26

Keratin

Question 27

A fibrous protein found in hair, nails, and skin

Answer 27

Keratin

Question 28

The stratum that makes skin, i.e. "the germination or growth layer"

Answer 28

Stratum germinativum

Question 29

The basal cell layer is also known as the stratum ___________

Answer 29

Stratum germinativum

Question 30

Melanocytes live in this stratum of the epidermis

Answer 30

Stratum germinativum

Question 31

This type of cell comprises 95% if the epidermis

Answer 31

Keratinocytes

Question 32

This type of cell is composed of keratin

Answer 32

Keratinocytes

Question 33

What is the largest layer of the epidermis?

Answer 33

Stratum spinosum

Question 34

Found in the stratum spinosum, these cells protect the body from infections by identifying foreign material

Answer 34

Langerhans immune cells

Question 35

The intercellular structures that assist in strengthening and holding cells together in the stratum spinosum

Answer 35

Desmosomes

Question 36

Natural moisturizing substances such as triglycerides, ceramides, waxes, and fatty acids are made in this stratum of the epidermis

Answer 36

Stratum granulosum

Question 37

Which layer of the epidermis gives us our finger prints and foot prints?

Answer 37

Stratum lucidum

Question 38

This layer of the epidermis is thickest on the palms of our hands and soles of our feet

Answer 38

Stratum lucidum

Question 39

The stratum of thin, clear, dead cells under the stratum coreum

Answer 39

Stratum lucidum

Question 40

Also known as the "horny layer" of the epidermis

Answer 40

Stratum corneum

Question 41

This is the layer of the epidermis that estheticians work with

Answer 41

Stratum corneum

Question 42

Keratinocytes on the surface of the stratum corneum harden into this type of waterproof protective cell

Answer 42

Corneocytes

Question 43

What is the name for the process in which keratinocytes are shed from the skin?

Answer 43

Desquamation

Question 44

The average adult has a cell over rate of every ____ days

Answer 44

28 days

Question 44

What is another common name for desquamation?

Answer 44

cell turnover

Question 45

This layer of the epidermis is also known as the "granular layer" and is composed of cells that resemble granules and are filled with keratin

Answer 45

Stratum granulosum

Question 46

This enzyme stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin

Answer 46

tyrosinase

Question 47

This is the name for the thin polar membrane made of two lipid molecules that surround stratum corneum cells

Answer 47

bilayers

Question 48

What is the range of thickness of the stratum corneum?

Answer 48

0.01-0.04 mm

Question 49

Keratinocytes on the surface of the skin are also called ______________

Answer 49

squamous keratinized cells

Question 50

Name the two types of melanin the body produces

Answer 50

pheomelanin and eumelanin

Question 51

Of the two types of melanin, which one is dark brown to black?

Answer 51

eumelanin

Question 52

Of the two types of melanin, which one is red to yellow in color?

Answer 52

pheomelanin

Question 53

The name for the arms, or cellular projections, of melanocytes

Answer 53

dendrites

Question 54

Cell mitosis happens in this layer of the epidermis

Answer 54

Stratum germinativum

Question 54

In what layer of the epidermis does skin begin to die?

Answer 54

Stratum granulosum

Question 54

When daughter cells are not able to divide anymore and program themselves to end up as one specific type of cell, that is known as...

Answer 54

terminal differentiation

Question 55

Cells that contain lipids to maintain the barrier function, found in the stratum spinosum

Answer 55

Lamellar granules

Question 56

This layer of the epidermis is thin, waterproof, and permeable

Answer 56

stratum corneum

Question 57

What is the name for the natural moisturizing substances in the stratum granulosum that hydrate the lipid layer surrounding cells and prevent water loss?

Answer 57

natural moisturizing factors

Question 58

The stratum corneum has ___-____ layers of cells

Answer 58

15-20

Question 59

Products that suppress melanin production are referred to as...

Answer 59

brightening agents (and also tyrosinase inhibitors)

Question 60

Cells and oil combine to form a protective barrier on this stratum of the epidermis

Answer 60

stratum corneum

Question 61

Cells continue to divide and enzymes create lipids and proteins in this stratum

Answer 61

Stratum spinosum

Question 62

Stem cells undergo mitosis in this stratum

Answer 62

stratum germinativum

Question 63

These remove waste products, bacteria, and excess fluid from skin

Answer 63

lymph vessels