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Skin Histology > Layers > Flashcards

Layers Flashcards

1
Q

List the functions of the skin

A

Protection, sensation, thermoregulation, metabolic functions, endocrine function

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2
Q

Against what is the skin a mechanical barrier

A

Air (desiccation)
Water (bloating pruning)
Abrasions (uv, chemical, thermal)
Invasion (microbes immunological)

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3
Q

How does the skin thermoregulate

A

Hair and subcutaneous adipose tissue help reduce heat loss
Sweating increases heat loss

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4
Q

What are the metabolic functions of the skin

A

Synthesis of vitamin D
Store house of chloride

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5
Q

What are the two classifications of skin

A

Thick skin
Thin skin

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6
Q

How is thick skin distinguished

A

Areas of great friction
Thick epidermis ( thickest stratum corneum)
No hair, sebaceous glands or arector pili muscle
Has sweat glands

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7
Q

How is thin skin distinguished

A

Thin epidermis
Covers most of the body
No stratum lucidum (only 4 layers)
Has hair follicles, sebaceous glands and sweat glands

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8
Q

List the layers of the epidermis in order

A

Caroline Lina Gaan saam bella
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

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9
Q

List the layers of the dermis, and say which one is on top

A

Papillary dermis on top
Reticular dermis

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10
Q

What tipe of cells is the epidermis made of

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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11
Q

What tipe of cells junctions are between epidermis cells

A

Desmosomes

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of the stratum basale

A

Single layer cuboidal cells
Cytokeratin filaments
Regenerates other layers

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13
Q

Function of stratum basale

A

Mitosis takes place here for renewal of epidermal cells

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14
Q

Characteristics of the stratum spinosum

A

Stratified cuboidal cells
Central nucleus and cytoplasmic extension
Bundles of cytokeratin filaments (tonofibrils)

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15
Q

Function of stratum spinosum

A

Synthesize cytokeratin filaments which become tonofibrils
Strength for recoil

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16
Q

Characteristics of stratum granulosum

A

Flattened polyhedral cells
Many tonofibrils and granules

17
Q

Function of stratum granulosum

A

Synthesis keratinohyline granules

18
Q

Function of keratinohyline granules

A

Form a matrix in which cytokeratin filaments embed which together form keratin
Build up causes nucleus and organelles to degenerate

19
Q

Function of keratinosomes granules

A

Fuse with cell membrane to form coating of skin which makes it waterproof
Contain glycolipids which are release between epithelial cells to make epidermis waterproof

20
Q

Characteristics of stratum corneum

A

Dead cells
Cells have no nucleus or organelles and cytoplasm is full of keratin

21
Q

Functions of stratum corneum

A

Mechanical damage of surface cells are not permanent
Impermeable to water chemicals and micro-organisms

22
Q

Name the non-keratinocytes in the epidermis

A

Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells

23
Q

Characteristics of melanocytes

A

In stratum basale
Rounded cell bodies with long irregular cytoplasmic extensions

24
Q

Functions of melanocytes

A

Manufacture pigment/ melanin granules
Protects dividing cells from uv light

25
Q

Characteristics of Langerhans cells

A

In stratum spinosum
Star-shaped cells

26
Q

Functions of Langerhans cells

A

Part of the monocyte macrophage system MMS
Uptake foreign material

27
Q

Characteristics of Merkel cells

A

In stratum basale
Have nerve endings and vesicle which look like neuroendocrine granules

28
Q

Functions of Merkel cells

A

Touch perception
Free nerve endings

29
Q

Characteristics of papillary dermis

A

Form superficial dermal papillae
Areolar connective tissue
Many capillaries and temperature and mechano receptors
Have Meissner’s corpuscles

30
Q

Characteristics of reticular dermis

A

Dense irregular connective tissue
Thicker larger collagen fibers

31
Q

Characteristics of dermal papillae

A

Dermal extensions that project overlying epidermis
Contain capillary loops
Free nerve endings

32
Q

Functions of dermal papillae

A

Help adhesion between dermal and epidermal layers
Provide large surface area to nourish epidermal layer

33
Q

Epidermal ridges characteristics

A

Increase the contact area with dermis thus enhancing adhesion

34
Q

Functions of hypodermis

A

Anchors skin to underlying structures
Stores fat
Shock absorber
Insulation
Pressure receptors

Skin Histology (2 decks)

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