Appendages Flashcards
Name the skin appendages
Hair and hair follicles
Muscles
Glands
Nerve supply and receptors
Name the parts of the hair strand and where they are situated
Hair shaft outside skin
Hair root inside skin
Hair bulb thickened origin of hair root
What does the hair follicle consist of
Concentric epithelial cell layers with melanin in central layers
Where does hair get its nutrition
From capillary network in dermal papilla
Name the parts of the hair root and hair follicle (cross section) from the outside in
Dermal root sheath
External root sheath
Internal root sheath
Hair root epithelium
What smooth muscle is in the skin
Arrector pili
What are the characteristics of the arrector pili
Bundles of smooth muscle
Attached to dermal root sheath, below sebaceous gland
Contraction expels sebaceous secretion out of gland
Where is superficial skeletal muscle found in the skin
Eyebrows
Eyelid and nose
Lips and chin
Where is the sebaceous gland situated
Short duct open into hair follicle
What is the secretion of the sebaceous gland like
Foamy cytoplasm, lipids know as sebum
What secretion mechanism does the sebaceous gland use
Holocrine (glandular cells closest to lume die in order to form the secretion)
Function of sebum
Limit evaporation
Keep skin waterproof
Lubricates epidermis
Antibacterial properties
What are the 2 tipes of sweat glands
Eccrine true seat glands
Apocrine sweat glands
Characteristics of eccrine glands
Over most of body
Opens directly onto surface of skin
Secrete watery product that cools skin
Characteristics of apocrine glands
Present in axilla, groin, areolar, perianal skin
Open into hair follicles
Secrete a viscous odorous product
How many layers of cells does the duct of the eccrine glands have
Double layer
How many layers does the secretory part of the eccrine glands have
Single layer
What does eccrine glands secrete
Water
Salts
Metabolites
What secretion mechanism does eccrine glands use
Merocrime
What is the function of the eccrine glands
Body temperature regulation
What does the apocrine glands secrete
Oily, yellow colour, arid odour
What secretion mechanism does apocrine glands use
Merocrine
Function of the apocrine glands
Actively depends on sex hormones
What are the pain, itch and temperature sensor in the skin named
Free - nociceptors and thermoceptor
What are the touch receptors because of hair movement called
Petrichial- mechanoreceptors
What are the mechanoreceptors called
Merkel cells
What are the mechanoreceptors for touch that have capsulated nerve endings called
Meissner corpuscles
What are the mechanoreceptors for deep pressure and vibrations with encapsulated nerve endings called
Pacinian corpuscles
What are the mechanoreceptors for stretch with encapsulated nerve endings called
Ruffini corpuscles
What is the exteroceptive nerve system
Senses things outside body
What is interoceptive nerve systems
Senses things within body’s organs
What are the 4 tactile mechanoreceptors
Merkel’s disks
Meissner’s corpuscles
Ruffini endings
Pacinian corpuscles
