Appendages

Question 1

Name the skin appendages

Answer 1

Hair and hair follicles
Muscles
Glands
Nerve supply and receptors

Question 2

Name the parts of the hair strand and where they are situated

Answer 2

Hair shaft outside skin
Hair root inside skin
Hair bulb thickened origin of hair root

Question 3

What does the hair follicle consist of

Answer 3

Concentric epithelial cell layers with melanin in central layers

Question 4

Where does hair get its nutrition

Answer 4

From capillary network in dermal papilla

Question 5

Name the parts of the hair root and hair follicle (cross section) from the outside in

Answer 5

Dermal root sheath
External root sheath
Internal root sheath
Hair root epithelium

Question 6

What smooth muscle is in the skin

Answer 6

Arrector pili

Question 7

What are the characteristics of the arrector pili

Answer 7

Bundles of smooth muscle
Attached to dermal root sheath, below sebaceous gland
Contraction expels sebaceous secretion out of gland

Question 8

Where is superficial skeletal muscle found in the skin

Answer 8

Eyebrows
Eyelid and nose
Lips and chin

Question 9

Where is the sebaceous gland situated

Answer 9

Short duct open into hair follicle

Question 10

What is the secretion of the sebaceous gland like

Answer 10

Foamy cytoplasm, lipids know as sebum

Question 11

What secretion mechanism does the sebaceous gland use

Answer 11

Holocrine (glandular cells closest to lume die in order to form the secretion)

Question 12

Function of sebum

Answer 12

Limit evaporation
Keep skin waterproof
Lubricates epidermis
Antibacterial properties

Question 13

What are the 2 tipes of sweat glands

Answer 13

Eccrine true seat glands
Apocrine sweat glands

Question 14

Characteristics of eccrine glands

Answer 14

Over most of body
Opens directly onto surface of skin
Secrete watery product that cools skin

Question 15

Characteristics of apocrine glands

Answer 15

Present in axilla, groin, areolar, perianal skin
Open into hair follicles
Secrete a viscous odorous product

Question 16

How many layers of cells does the duct of the eccrine glands have

Answer 16

Double layer

Question 17

How many layers does the secretory part of the eccrine glands have

Answer 17

Single layer

Question 18

What does eccrine glands secrete

Answer 18

Water
Salts
Metabolites

Question 19

What secretion mechanism does eccrine glands use

Answer 19

Merocrime

Question 20

What is the function of the eccrine glands

Answer 20

Body temperature regulation

Question 21

What does the apocrine glands secrete

Answer 21

Oily, yellow colour, arid odour

Question 22

What secretion mechanism does apocrine glands use

Answer 22

Merocrine

Question 23

Function of the apocrine glands

Answer 23

Actively depends on sex hormones

Question 24

What are the pain, itch and temperature sensor in the skin named

Answer 24

Free - nociceptors and thermoceptor

Question 25

What are the touch receptors because of hair movement called

Answer 25

Petrichial- mechanoreceptors

Question 26

What are the mechanoreceptors called

Answer 26

Merkel cells

Question 27

What are the mechanoreceptors for touch that have capsulated nerve endings called

Answer 27

Meissner corpuscles

Question 28

What are the mechanoreceptors for deep pressure and vibrations with encapsulated nerve endings called

Answer 28

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 29

What are the mechanoreceptors for stretch with encapsulated nerve endings called

Answer 29

Ruffini corpuscles

Question 30

What is the exteroceptive nerve system

Answer 30

Senses things outside body

Question 31

What is interoceptive nerve systems

Answer 31

Senses things within body's organs

Question 32

What are the 4 tactile mechanoreceptors

Answer 32

Merkel's disks Meissner's corpuscles Ruffini endings Pacinian corpuscles