Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI Pharm > Laxatives, anti diarrheals, and anti-emetics > Flashcards

Laxatives, anti diarrheals, and anti-emetics Flashcards

1
Q

MOA of Metamucil

A
  1. dietary fiber/bulk forming laxative

2. hydrophilic muciloid that forms gelatinous mass when mixed w/ water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ADE of metamucil

A

allergic rxn, flatulence, borborygmi, intestinal obstruction. May inhibit coumarin absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MOA of Docusates/colace

A

anionic surfactant laxatives

  • weakly active, stool softener to reduce the strain of defecation.
  • has no effect on intestinal peristalsis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ADE and VI for docusates/colace

A
  • NOT for use during ab pain, N/V

- can irritate intestinal mucosa and increase intestinal absorption of other drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

MOA of castor oil

A

Rapid acting and effective anionic surfactant laxatives. Produces catharsis - complete evacuation of bowel. stimulates intestinal peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ADE of castor oil

A

colic, dehydration, electroylty imbalance w/ overdose.

- can cause uterine contraction in pregnant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

MOA of Dulcolax

A
  1. stimulant laxative - most potent class of laxatives

2. prodrug converted by enteric bacteria into desacetyl active form.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ADE and CI for dulcolax

A
  1. overdose causes excessive fluid/electrolyte loss, intestinal enterocyte damage leading to colonic inflammatory response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MOA of Senna/cascara

A

natural derivatives of plants. More gentle than synthethics. Act by promoting colonic motility.
- part of stimulant laxative class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ADE fo senna/cascara

A

large doses can cause ab pain, nephritis, melanotic pigmentation of colonic muscoa, abnormal urine coloration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MOA of lactulose

A

osmotic effect b/c nondigestible synthetic sugar.

Fecal acidifier, traps ammonia in stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MOA of lubiprostone

A

Activates Cl channels to increase intenstinal fluid secretion and motility and alleivates the symptoms associated w/ chronic idiopathic constipation (IBS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

General side effects of laxatives

A
  • overuse leads to constipation that requires several days to accumulate bulk
  • lag in defecation is interpreted as continued constipation
  • takes more and cycle starts
  • if continued bowel becomes unresponsive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MOA of loperamide

A

interacts w/ opioid receptors and binds to and inhibits Ca binding protein calmodulin. Anti-diarrheal agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

effect of opiates on GIT

A
  1. decrease salivary, gastric and intestinal secretions
  2. decrease motility of stomach and intestines
  3. increase muscle tone
  4. increase tone of intestinal sphincters and EAS to reduce urgency
  5. anti-spasmodics and decrease cramps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MOA of scopolamine

A

Anticholinergic that blocks activation of muscarinic receptors by Ach. Prophylaxis for motion sickness.

17
Q

ADE scopolamine

A

sedation, drowsiness, dry mouth

18
Q

MOA of cyclizine and meclizine

A

H1 antihistamines that has anticholinergic effects - Piperazine family.

  1. cyclizine to counter MS
  2. Meclizine - exerts depressant effect on hyperstimulation of labryinthine release. Used for vesitublar disturbances
19
Q

MOA of chlorpormazine

A

block dopamine receptor in CTZ, centrally acting cholinergic as well as antidopamine.
- used for N/V and intractable hiccough

20
Q

MOA of droperidol

A

antidoparminergic in CTZ. used for post-op N/V

21
Q

MOA of metoclopramide

A

antidopaminergic that blocks chemotherapeutic induced activation of D2 receptors in CTZ. Also stimulates gastric emptying

22
Q

MOA of granisetron

A

antiemetic serotonin antagonists

23
Q

MOA of Dolasetron

A

antiemetic serotonin antagonists, longer half life than other 5HT3 receptor blockers

24
Q

MOA of methylprenisolone

A

anti-emetic effects and reduce side effects when combine w/ other anti-emetics. MOA - prevents production of PGs associated w/ chemo or radiation therapies

25
Q

MOA of Aprepitant

A

substance P/neuroknin 1 (NK1) receptor antagnoists used as adjunct drug to prevent emesis induced by cytotoxic chemo drugs.

  • crosses BBB and inhibits emesis via central actions
  • metabolized by CYP3A4
26
Q

MOA of lorazepam

A

benzodiazepine, effect in pts w/ anticipatory vomiting b/c they cause somnolence and amnesia lasting for hours. ususally give 1 day before chemo.

GI Pharm (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions