Laws and Principles

Question 0

Doppler Effect

Answer 0

apparent change in frequency (or wavelength) due to motion of source for observer of wave

Question 1

Archimede’s Principle

Answer 1

When a body is fully or partially submerged in a fluid, a buoyant force is directed upward that has a magnitude equal to the weight of the fluid that has been displaced by the body

Question 2

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 2

dEint = Q + W

Question 3

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 3

If a process occurs in a closed system, the entropy of the system increases for irreversible processes and remains constant for reversible processes - it never decreases

Question 4

Third Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 4

The entropy of a system approaches zero as temperature approaches absolute zero

Question 5

Carnot’s Theorem

Answer 5

no engine can be more efficient than a Carnot engine operating between the same two reservoirs

Question 6

Einstein’s Postulates of Relativity

Answer 6

1) Principle of relativity - laws of physics same in all inertial frames
2) constancy of speed of light - inertial frames

Question 7

Kepler’s First Law

Answer 7

all planets move in elliptical orbits, with the Sun at one focus

Question 8

Kepler’s Second Law

Answer 8

The radius vector drawn from a Sun to a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals

Question 9

Kepler’s Third Law

Answer 9

the square of the orbital period of any planet is proportional to the cube of the semimajor axis