Laws 2 Flashcards
What are the key components of the Command & Control approach in pollution management?
Laws, standards, and the threat of jail.
What is an example of a command-and-control regulation in Trinidad and Tobago?
The Noise Pollution Rules, which establish noise zones, prescribe standards, and provide exemptions.
What are economic incentives and disincentives in pollution management?
Incentives encourage desirable behaviors (e.g. tax credits), while disincentives discourage harmful actions (e.g., fines, pollution taxes).
What are some examples of economic incentives?
Tax credits, subsidies, deposit-refund systems, and financial incentives.
What are Pigouvian taxes?
Taxes imposed on activities that generate negative externalities and pollution
What factors should be considered when choosing between economic incentive alternatives?
Cost (Best Available Technology), stakeholder acceptability, and fairness between polluter and pollutee.
What are the key elements of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in pollution management?
Environmental Management System (EMS) Auditing, Triple Bottom Line Accounting, and the Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (Life Cycle Analysis) principle.
What international standard is commonly used for Environmental Management Systems?
ISO 14001.
What company in Trinidad and Tobago has received ISO 14001 certification?
Trinidad Cement Limited (TCL).
What are examples of environmental activism?
Consumer resistance, civil disobedience, NGO protests, and judicial review of government decisions.
Give an example of environmental activism in Trinidad and Tobago.
Protests by fishermen and conservationists against underwater seismic testing for its impact on marine life.
What are two main pollution management approaches used by the government?
Command & Control (laws, permits, fines) and Economic Incentive Systems (taxes, subsidies, tradable pollution permits).
What are examples of pollution regulations in Trinidad and Tobago?
Noise Pollution Rules, Water Pollution Rules, Air Pollution Rules.
What are some self-regulation strategies industries use for pollution control?
ISO 14001 certification
environmental auditing
corporate responsibility (e.g., Triple Bottom Line
What does ISO 14001 emphasize in an Environmental Management System?
Planning
Implementation
Monitoring
Corrective Action
Management Review
