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Law And Ethics > Law underpinning prescribing > Flashcards

Law underpinning prescribing Flashcards

1
Q

When did non-medical prescribing in the UK begin?

A
  • began in 1992.
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2
Q

What change was introduced by the Cumberledge Report in 1992?

A
  • Certain nurses were allowed to prescribe a limited range of products.
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3
Q

What prescribing tool was introduced in 1993 by the Crown Report?

A
  • Patient Group Directions (PGDs).
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4
Q

What is a Patient Group Direction (PGD)?

A
  • written direction allowing the supply or administration of specified medicines by named, authorized health professionals to a well-defined group of patients for a specific condition.
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5
Q

What was recommended in the Second Crown Report (1999)?

A
  • To extend prescribing rights to other healthcare professionals (HCPs) such as pharmacists, optometrists, podiatrists, and physiotherapists.
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6
Q

What significant legislative change happened in 2001?

A
  • Health and Social Care Act was published.
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7
Q

What amendment occurred in 2006 regarding NHS regulations?

A
  • Suitably trained nurses and pharmacists could prescribe any licensed medication for any medical condition within their competence as Non-Medical Prescribers
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8
Q

Who are considered Non-Medical Prescribers?

A
  • Pharmacists, nurses, midwives, and other allied healthcare professionals (AHPs) who have:
  • Completed an accredited prescribing course.
  • Registered their qualification with their regulatory body.
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9
Q

What is a Supplementary Prescriber (SP)?

A
  • a practitioner who prescribes within an agreed patient-specific Clinical Management Plan (CMP), developed in partnership with a doctor or dentist.
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10
Q

What is the process for a supplementary prescriber to begin prescribing?

A
  • Diagnosis of the clinical condition by a medical practitioner.
  • Agreement by the patient (service user) to be managed by a prescribing partnership.
  • Creation of a Clinical Management Plan (CMP) by the medical practitioner, supplementary prescriber, and service user.
  • Management of the patient within the terms of the CMP.
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11
Q

What is an Independent Prescriber (IP)?

A

responsible and accountable for:
- Assessing patients with undiagnosed or diagnosed conditions.
- Making prescribing decisions to manage the clinical condition of the patient.

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12
Q

what is the prescribing competency framework ?

A
  • describes the knowledge, skills, characteristics, and behaviours required for safe and effective prescribing.
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13
Q

Who is the prescribing competency framework used by ?

A
  • Prescribers: To underpin professional responsibility and for self-assessment.
  • Regulators, education providers, professional organizations: To inform standards and develop education.
  • Individuals and organizations: To analyze and improve job performance.
  • Evidence: To demonstrate the competencies required for the role.
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14
Q

what are the 2 domains in the Prescribing Competency Framework ?

A
  • the consultation = focuses on the competencies that the prescriber should demonstrate during the consultation with the patient.
  • Prescribing Governance = focuses on the competencies that the prescriber should demonstrate with respect to prescribing governance, ensuring safe and effective prescribing practices.
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15
Q

What are the 12 steps in the RPS Guidance on Safely Prescribing?

A
  • Personal Development
  • Reflect
  • Keep up to date (revalidation, CPD)
  • Professional Judgement
  • Speak Up
  • Professional indemnity
  • Improving Practice
  • Audit
  • Errors/near misses
  • Remote Prescribing
  • Prescribing legally
  • Document
  • Support Others
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16
Q

What does prescribing within the scope of practice mean?

A
  • Prescribes within own scope of practice, recognizing the limits of own knowledge and skill.
17
Q

Why might an HCP expand or change their scope of practice?

A
  • To prescribe a greater range of medicines
  • To better support patient care
  • To deliver a new service
  • Due to a change of job or setting
18
Q

What is the structured approach to expanding the scope of practice?

A
  • Reflect
  • Plan
  • Act
  • Evaluate
19
Q

When are remote consultations not appropriate ?

A
  • Lack of patient access or ability to
    use technology
  • Impaired capacity to participate, e.g.
    dementia
  • Red flags identified during triage
    suggesting a need for urgent
    medical attention
  • Insufficient access to required
    information such as records or
    resources
20
Q

Should prescribing and supply be performed by the same or separate healthcare professionals (HCPs)?

A
  • Prescribing and supply should, wherever possible, be separate functions performed by separate HCPs to improve patient safety and reduce the likelihood of errors.
21
Q

Is there a legal restriction on prescribing and dispensing by the same person?

A
  • No, there is no legal restriction on prescribing and dispensing by the same person.
22
Q

In what circumstances can prescribing and dispensing by the same person be done safely?

A
  • It is in the best interest of the patient
  • A procedure is followed
  • A risk assessment is conducted
  • A mental break is taken between activities
  • An audit trail and rationale for the decision are maintained
  • Errors and near misses are reported to learn and change practice
23
Q

Is it generally considered good practice for pharmacist prescribers to prescribe for themselves or for close personal relationships?

A
  • considered poor practice.
  • GPhC states that pharmacist prescribers must not prescribe for themselves or for anyone with a close personal relationship (e.g., family, friends, colleagues), except in exceptional circumstances.
24
Q

What should a pharmacist do if prescribing for themselves, friends, or family in exceptional circumstances?

A

The pharmacist should use professional judgment, considering factors such as:
- Objectivity
- Documentation and monitoring
- External input

25
Q

Can pharmacists prescribe schedule 2 to 5 CDs?

A
  • yes – but not cocaine, diamorphine or
    dipipanone for treating addiction
26
Q

Can pharmacist prescribe unlicensed and/or off-label medicines ?

A
  • Yes
27
Q

Can pharmacist authorise an emergency supply for items which can be prescribed?

A
  • Yes = includes phenobarbital for epilepsy but no other schedule 1, 2 or 3 CDs

Law And Ethics (11 decks)

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