Law chapter 3

Question 1

TRUE/FALSE
Education is the responsibility of the federal government.

Answer 1

False
Education is the responsibility of the individual states.

Question 2

The first state to pass a compulsory education law in 1852

Answer 2

Massachusetts

Question 3

The second state to pass a compulsory education law in 1867

Answer 3

Vermont

Question 4

What year were compulsory education laws in place in all states?

Answer 4

1918

Question 5

1893 Watson v. City of Cambridge, Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled that children could be expelled from public school because

Answer 5

1. “weak in mind” and
2. could not benefit from instruction,
3. was troublesome to other children,
4. made “unusual noises,” and was
5. unable to take physical care of himself

Question 6

1919 Beattie v. Board of Education

Answer 6

ruled that school officials could exclude a student with disabilities.

Question 7

In 1934, the Cuyahoga County Court of Appeals in Ohio ruled that:

Answer 7

The state statute mandating compulsory attendance for children ages 6 through 18 gave the State Department of Education the authority to exclude certain students

Question 8

1958 the Supreme Court of Illinois, in Department of Public Welfare v. Haas,

Answer 8

held that the state’s existing compulsory attendance legislation did not require the state to provide a free public education for the
1.“feeble minded”
2. “mentally deficient”
3. limited intelligence,

Question 9

Parents led the way in seeking educational rights for their children with disabilities.

Answer 9

Parental Advocacy

Question 10

focused national attention on children and youth with disabilities. A primary goal of this conference was to define and establish remedial programs for children with disabilities or special needs.

Answer 10

The White House Conference of 1910

Question 11

Public school educators believed that the segregated classes were beneficial to the children with disabilities because

Answer 11

(a) smaller class size would allow more individualized instruction,
(b) homogeneous grouping would facilitate teaching,
(c) the less competitive nature of these classes would improve the children’s self-esteem.

Question 12

many students with disabilities did not benefit from public school education because they

Answer 12

• dropped out of school,
• had been expelled or excluded from school,
• were considered unteachable

Question 13

The Great Depression, put _________________ on public education.

Answer 13

financial constraints.

Question 14

Response to the poor educational programming

Answer 14

The Organization of Advocacy Groups

Question 15

first advocacy group 1933

Answer 15

Cuyahoga County Ohio Council for the Retarded Child

Question 16

Why was the advocacy movement critical to the development of special education services?

Answer 16

They providing information, stimulus, and support to Congress when considering, developing, and acting on legislation.

Question 17

1950 The National Association for Retarded Citizens
ARC’s mission is to

Answer 17

(a) provide information to concerned individuals, (b) monitor the quality of services for individuals with mental retardation,
(c) advocate for the rights and interests of individuals with mental retardation.

Question 18

1922 The Council for Exceptional Children (CEC)
There mission

Answer 18

1. Emphasize the education of the child
2. Establish professional standards for teachers in
3. Unite those interested in the educational problems

Question 19

was established in 1974 and comprises teachers, parents, administrators, and related service providers.

Answer 19

The Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps (TASH)

Question 20

civil rights court case had a tremendous impact on societal rights for minorities, but also affected many aspects of educational law and procedure

Answer 20

Brown v. Board of Education (1954,)

Question 21

Advocates for students with disabilities, citing Brown, claimed that students with disabilities had the ________________as students without disabilities.

Answer 21

same rights

Question 22

Advocates based their arguments on two main premises.

Answer 22

1. there was an unacceptable level of differential treatment within the class of children with disabilities.
2. some students with disabilities were not furnished with an education, whereas all students without disabilities were provided an education.

Question 23

Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Pennsylvania, 1972

Answer 23

1. state’s secretaries of Education state Board of Education, and 13 school districts.
2. state was delaying or ignoring its constitutional obligations

Question 24

Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Pennsylvania, 1972 ruling

Answer 24

Children with mental retardation between the ages of 6 and 21 must be provided a free public education

Question 25

Mills v. Board of Education (1972)

Answer 25

The court held that because segregation in public education on the basis of race was unconstitutional, the total exclusion of students with disabilities was also unconstitutional.

Question 26

By the early 1970s, the majority of states had passed laws requiring that students with disabilities receive ___________________

Answer 26

a public education.

Question 27

The first significant federal involvement in the education of students with disabilities occurred in the late

Answer 27

1950s and early 1960s

Question 28

Congress appropriated funds to train teachers of children with mental retardation

Answer 28

Education of Mentally Retarded Children Act of 1958,

Question 29

Training of Professional Personnel Act of 1959,

Answer 29

helped train leaders to educate children with mental retardation.

Question 30

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 ESEA

Answer 30

1.signed by President Lyndon Johnson 2. war on poverty 4. first time federal government provided direct funding to the states

Question 31

purpose of ESEA

Answer 31

provide federal money to states to improve educational opportunities

Question 32

3 important goals for federal involvement

Answer 32

1. single federal agency-Bureau for the Education of the Handicapped (BEH) 2. increased categorical funding 3. an enforceable entitlement

Question 33

The Education of the Handicapped Act of 1970

Answer 33

* provided funding to states if they would initiate, expand, or improve programs * (a) was the first freestanding special education law, (b) mandated that students with disabilities be educated, and (c) required that students with disabilities should receive the special education .

Question 34

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Answer 34

No otherwise qualified handicapped individual in the United States… shall solely by reason of his handicap, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subject to discrimination under any activity receiving federal financial assistance.

Question 35

The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975

Answer 35

combined an educational bill of rights with the promise of federal financial incentives.

Question 36

The Handicapped Children’s Protection Act of 1986

Answer 36

hereby granting courts the authority to award attorney’s fees to parents or guardians if they prevailed in their actions pursuant to the law

Question 37

The Education of the Handicapped Amendments of 1986

Answer 37

early intervention for young children

Question 38

Early intervention services were defined as

Answer 38

were designed to meet the child’s physical, cognitive, communication, social or emotional, and adaptive needs

Question 39

individualized family services plan

Answer 39

(IFSP) for children birth to 3 years

Question 40

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990

Answer 40

* substituted the term disability * The law also used “people first” language * autism and traumatic brain injury. *individualized transition planning be included

Question 41

The IDEA Amendments of 1997

Answer 41

requiring demonstrable improvements in educational achievement

Question 42

The No Child Left Behind Act. President George W. Bush on January 8, 2002.

Answer 42

accountable for’ achievement in reading and mathematics bring every student up to state standards in reading and math within a certain period of time,

Question 43

A New Era: Revitalizing Special Education for Children and Their Families. recommendations.

Answer 43

1.must focus on results rather than process 2. must embrace a model of prevention, 3. share responsibility and work together

Question 44

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004

Answer 44

1. changes in the IEPs, discipline, and identification of students with learning disabilities. 2. requires that all special education teachers must be certified in special education

Question 45

The Every Student Succeeds Act of 2015

Answer 45

States Rights

Question 46

Thus, the history of special education can fairly be characterized as a movement

Answer 46

from access to quality and accountability.