Chapter 4 Flashcards
The genesis of the IDEA can be found in the
(a) advocacy of various coalitions for children with disabilities, (b) litigation in the federal courts, and (c) federal and state legislation during the 1950s and 1960s
With the passage of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) in 1965, and amendments in 1966 and 1968,
the federal government began to provide funding to states
In 1970, the Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA) was signed into law. What did the EHA do?
(a) consolidated the earlier grant programs under one law, (b) provided money to fund pilot projects in the states,
(c) funded institutions of higher education to develop teacher training programs in special education, and
(d) funded regional resource centers to provide technical assistance to state and local school districts
The two seminal court cases in 1972, Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (PARC) v. Pennsylvania and Mills v. Board of Education District of Columbia resulted in
basic procedural rights being granted to students with disabilities.
in 1974 The Education Amendments to the EHA required each state that received federal funding to provide
(a) full educational opportunities,
(b) procedural safeguards,
(c) education in the least restrictive environment for students
Problems with the state’s statutes that forced Senate to introduce 4 bills Senate hearings held in 1973
efforts across states were uneven,
enforceable federal standard was needed
students with disabilities were excluded
educated in programs that did not meet their needs
Senate Bill 896
Senator Jennings Randolph: to extend the life of the Education of the Handicapped Act for 3 years.
Senate Bill 34
Senator Ernest Hollings: to fund research on the problems of children with autism;
Senate Bill 808
Senator Mike Gravel: to provide federal funds for screening preschool children for the presence of learning disabilities;
Senate Bill 6
Senator Harrison Williams, the purpose of Williams’s bill was to mandate that a free appropriate public education be available to all students with disabilities by 1976.
failed Education of the Handicapped Amendments of 1974
- subject of Senate hearings held in 1973.
- conference committees agreed on a bill
- died
Senate Bill 6 reintroduction and House bill 7217
conference committee resolved differences
November 29, 1975
Gerald Ford signed
law took effect on August 23, 1977.
President Ford and Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA),
- believed that the law promised more than the federal government could deliver
- that it gave the federal government too much control over state and local matters
EAHCA provided federal funding to states to assist them in educating students with disabilities if they
submit a state plan to the Bureau of Education
Which state didn’t accept funding?
New Mexico,
New Mexico Association for Retarded Citizens v. New Mexico
An advocacy group sued the state for failing to provide an appropriate education for students with disabilities
504 disrimination
New Mexico Association for Retarded Citizens v. New Mexico ruling.
association prevailed. it would still have to comply with Section 504, a civil rights law that contained no funding provisions.
EAHCA to change to IDEA in what year?
1990
ensure that all children with disabilities have available to them a free appropriate public education that emphasizes special education and related services designed to meet their unique needs and prepare them for further education, employment, and independent living, to ensure that the rights of children with disabilities and parents of such children are protected, to assist states, localities, educational service agencies, and Federal agencies to provide for the education of all children with disabilities.
The purpose of the IDEA
prior to the enactment of the EAHCA
(a) children with disabilities were excluded from public schools;
(b) CWD did not receive an education that was appropriate for their needs;
(c) children with disabilities were not diagnosed,
(d) states and local school districts lacked adequate resources,
procedural safeguards.
allow parental input into a school’s decisions
children with a disability would receive a free appropriate public education
Who Is Protected?
Students meeting the IDEA’s definition of a student with disabilities receive the procedural protections of the law.
Not all students with disabilities are protected;
only those students with disabilities included in the IDEA, and only if those disabilities have an adverse impact on their education,
that students with _____ could be eligible for special education
ADHD
Autism, Deaf-blindness, deafness, hearing impairment, intellectual disability, multiple disabilities, orthopedic impairments, other health impairments, emotional disturbance, specific learning disability, speech or language impairment, traumatic brain injury,and visual impairment including blindness.
Categories of Disabilities protected under IDEA
Rosa’s law, October 2010
President Barack Obama
replace the term “mental retardation” with the term “intellectual disability” in the IDEA
Age special education and related services
3-21
States are required to identify and evaluate children from birth to age 21, even if the state
does not provide educational services to students with disabilities in the 3-to-5 and 18-to-21 age groups
If a special education student graduates with a diploma, successfully (IEP) leading to graduation, or
voluntarily drops out of school,
the school’s obligation to the student ends
(Helms v. Independent School District #3, 1985).
the district can be required to supply compensatory education, such as educational services beyond the age of 21
Education of the Handicapped Amendments of 1986
became part C in IDEA
special education and related services to children with disabilities from birth through age 2.
Purpose of hte law Education of the Handicapped Amendments of 1986
(a) enhance the development of infants and toddlers minimize their potential for delay,
(b) reduce educational costs by
(c) minimize institutionalization of individuals
(d) enhance the capacity of families to meet the special needs of infants and toddlers.
early intervention services for
- Are experiencing developmental delays
Cognitive
Physical
Communication
Social or emotional
Adaptive - diagnosed physical or mental condition that has a high probability of resulting in developmental delay.
IDEA Part A General provisions
contains findings of fact regarding the education of students with disabilities that existed when the IDEA was passed. This section also contains definitions of terms that are used throughout the IDEA
IDEA Part B
Assistance for the education of all children with disabilities
contains the information regarding the state grant program in which states submit plans that detail how the state will ensure free appropriate public education to all qualified children and youth with disabilities who live in the state. age 3-21 assistance safe guards
IDEA Part C
Infants and toddlers with disabilities
provides categorical grants to states contingent on states adhering to the provisions of law, which requires participating states to develop and implement statewide interagency programs of early intervention services for infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families.
IDEA Part D
National activities to improve education of children with disabilities
contains support or discretionary programs that support the implementation of the IDEA and assist states in improving the education of students with disabilities. Supporting research, personnel preparation, and professional development are especially important goals of Part D.
IDEA PROVISIONS
(a) zero reject,
(b) identification and evaluation,
(c) free appropriate public education,
(d) least restrictive environment,
(e) procedural safeguards,
(f) technology-related assistance,
(g) personnel development
(h) parental participation.
FAPE
Free Appropriate Public Education
idea Amendments of 1997
special education to the IEP. IEP teams are now required to consider whether students with disabilities, regardless of category, need assistive technology devices and services
In 2004, President George W. Bush signed the Assistive Technology Act of 2004.
The purpose of the law was to expand access to technology for individuals with disabilities
1.use assistive technology resources
2.better information and support FOR LOANS
3.public awareness about
state personnel development grant
pecial education teachers and related services personnel meet state-approved or state-recognized certification/licensure requirements.
DEA requires that special education teachers
bachelor’s
special education licensure
special education teaching license (
OSERS
Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services.
Four acts that made significant changes to the then EAHCA
the Handicapped Children’s Protection Act (P.L. 99-372), the Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities Act (P.L. 99-457), the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-476),
the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997 (P.L. 105-17), and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-446).
The IDEA Amendments of 1997
strengthening the role of parents
changes in the IEP process;
leeway in disciplining students
students with disabilities be included
the IEP, changes i
statement of measurable annual goals
accurately measuring and reporting a student’s progress
a special education teacher and a general education teacher
the discipline of students with disabilities
Another significant addition of IDEA 1997
IDEA 1997 required
including positive behavioral interventions, strategies, and supports—
IDEIA was to align the IDEA with the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA; formerly referred to as No Child Left Behind [NCLB])
increase academic results for students with disabilities
qualified special education teachers in line with the definition
reduce the paperwork
reduce litigation
providing incentives for whole-school approaches, scientifically based early reading programs,
positive behavioral interventions and supports, and reduce the need to label children as disabled in order to address the learning and behavioral needs of such children.
The major purposes of the IDEIA was
