LAW AND ETHICS

Question 1

List the ten HDC consumer rights

Answer 1

• Respect
• Fairness
• Dignity and independance
• To receive good care and support that suits your needs
• To be told things in a way you understand
• To be told everything you need to know
• To make choice about your care and support
• To have support
• To decide r.e. training/teaching/research
• To make a complaint

Question 2

Define rights

Answer 2

Rights are entitlements to (not) perform certain actions or be in certain states, or that others (not) perform certain actions or be in certain states

Question 3

Anatomy of rights

Answer 3

Subject (right holder), content (what right is to), object (duty holder)

Question 4

Define claim

Answer 4

Someone has to do something for you

Question 5

Define privildges/ liberties

Answer 5

Sphere of freedom, where you can choose how to act but does not require things of other people

Question 6

Define immunities

Answer 6

Protection of having duty forced upon you. i.e. right to refuse treatment.

Question 7

Define powers

Answer 7

Rights that enable you to alter rights/ duties of others. E.g. in contracts/ judge decisions

Question 8

Four aspects of medical ethics

Answer 8

Respect for autonomy
Beneficence (best interests of patient)
maleficence (do no harm)
Justice

Question 9

Three types of futility

Answer 9

Quantitative futility 1-chance for benefit is zero
Quantitative futility 2- Can conceivably provide benefit but probability is low
Qualitative futility- fair probability of delivering benefit but small and adverse effects arguably outweigh

Question 10

Questions around futility

Answer 10

Who sets goals of treatments
Who determines quantitative futility
Should futile treatment be refused (mediated by cost/ time etc)

Question 11

When taking to patients about futility whats a better way of framing it (euphemism)

Answer 11

Pros and cons

Question 12

How can we try and decide whether an action with good and bad consequences is justified?

Answer 12

Doctrine of double effect. A useful addition to reasoning rather than complete tool

Question 13

Four conditions of the double doctrine

Answer 13

• The act must be good or at least morally neutral
• Agent only intends the good effect, bad effect may be forseen but not intended
• Bad effect must not be a means to a good effect
• Good effect must outweigh the bad

Question 14

What is sanctity of life

Answer 14

Life has an intrinsic value and that is a value which commands respect

Question 15

Absolutist view on SOL

Answer 15

Never permissible to take an act that shortens or may shorten life

Question 16

Prima facie view on SOL

Answer 16

We can respect the SOL even while acting to shorten it. Decisions taking seriously

Question 17

Name some values that compete with SOL

Answer 17

Autonomy
Beneficence and non- maleficence (i.e. when keeping someone alive is not kind)
Justice (cost of keeping someone alive)

Question 18

Families and life and death decision making; points of conflict

Answer 18

What constitutes futility?
Childs situation
Requirements of SOL
Future possibilities

Question 19

Relevant HDC rights in end of life care

Answer 19

7- to make choices about your care and support

8- to have support

Question 20

Four phenomena supporting that consumers are at the centre of the system

Answer 20

Engagement (partenership)
Transparency (owning up when things go wrong)
Culture (positive environment)
Seamless service (good communication between services)