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LIKELY TESTABLE MATERIAL > Law > Flashcards

Law Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 5 classes of controlled airspace? Which one doesn’t exist in the UK?

A

A, B, C, D, E.

No B in the UK

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2
Q

A pilot may fly IFR at any time but MUST fly IFR when?

A 
When in class A airspace.
When Meteorological conditions preclude VFR flight.
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3
Q

Pilots flying VFR must avoid clouds by specified distances and make themselves visible to other aircraft. This principle is known as what?

A

‘See and be seen’

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4
Q

What is the SERA article concerned with the various divisions of airspace?

A

SERA 923/2012

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5
Q

What is SERA?

A

Standardised European Rules of the Air

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6
Q

What type of ATC Service is provided in class C airspace?

A

IFR & VFR permitted. ATC service provided to all flights. IFR separated from IFR/VFR. VFR separated from IFR and receive Traffic info on other VFR flights,

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7
Q

What is the difference between a control zone (CTR) and a control area (CTA)?

A 
CTR = controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the Earth to a specified upper limit. 
CTA = controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the Earth.

Simplified: Control areas sit above control zones.

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8
Q

What is the difference between a Terminal Control Area (TMA) and an Aerodrome Traffic Zone (ATZ)?

A 
TMA = control area established in the vicinity of one or more major aerodromes. 
ATZ = airspace of defined dimensions established around an Aerodrome for the protection of Aerodrome Traffic.

Simplified: ATZ immediately protects an airport, TMA protects a larger airspace around major airports or a collection of major airports.

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9
Q

What are the standard dimensions of an ATZ?

A

Usually 2 or 2 1/2 nautical mile radius circle centred on the mid-point of the longest runway & vertically up to 2000ft.

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10
Q

Is an ATZ controlled airspace?

A

No. Aérodrome control visually controls Traffic. But it is inside a CTR which is controlled airspace.

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11
Q

What is an Air Traffic Service (ATS) route?

A

A specified route designed for channelling the flow of traffic as necessary for the provision of ATS

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12
Q

What is an airway (AWY)?

A

A control area or portion thereof established in the form of a corridor.

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13
Q

What are the standard dimensions of an AWY in the UK?

A

Usually 10nm wide, from a designated base (DB) to FL 245

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14
Q

What is a SID?

A

Standard Instrument Departure. A designated IFR Departure route linking Aerodrome or specified runway with a specified significant point, normally on a designated ATS route, at which the en route phase of flight commences

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15
Q

What is a STAR?

A

Standard Terminal Arrival Route. A designated IFR arrival route linking a significant point, normally on a designated ATS route, with a point from which a published instrument Approach procedure can be commenced

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16
Q

What is an Aerodrome?

A

A defined area on land or water intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft.

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17
Q

What is the difference between the manoeuvring area and the movement area?

A

The manoeuvring area incorporates the runways and taxiways only. ATC has jurisdiction here. The movement area also incorporates the aprons/ramps where ATC has no jurisdiction.

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18
Q

What is Aerodrome layout influenced by?

A

Geography, topography, human settlement, Communications, Aerodrome evolution, users.

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19
Q

What is a runway?

A

A defined rectangular area on a land Aerodrome prepared for the landing and taking off of aircraft

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20
Q

Describe the orientation of runways?

A

Runways are orientated and configured in deca-degrees. Rounded to the nearest 10 and divided by 10. Always in magnetic degrees. The smaller runway number subtracted from the larger runway number will always equal 18.

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21
Q

Define runway-in-use?

A

Runway(s) that are considered by the control tower to e the most suitable for use by the types of aircraft expected to land and takeoff at the Aerodrome. Normally it will be the one most closely aligned with surface wind but if this is light or variable then 2000ft wind is considered.

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22
Q

Precision Approach Radar (PAR) is exclusively what?

A

Military

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23
Q

Air traffic services is a general term incorporating 4 main services. Name them?

A

Air traffic advisory service.
Air traffic control service.
Flight Information Service.
Alerting service.

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24
Q

ATS are provided for?

A

Preventing collisions between aircraft both in the air, and with obstacles on the manoeuvring area. Expediting & maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic. Providing advice/ information for the safe and efficient conduct of flights. Notifying appropriate organisations of aircraft in need of SAR and assisting as required.

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25
Q

What does ATIS stand for?

A

Automatic Terminal Information Service

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26
Q

To whom are ALRS provided?

A

All a/c with an ATC Service, and so far as practical to other a/c that have filed a flight plan, and to a/c believed to be the subject of unlawful interference.

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27
Q

If position of a/c is unknown, who is responsible for coordinating the ALRS?

A

The ATC unit who the a/c was last in contact with, or whose airspace it was about to enter, or the destination airfield airspace.

28
Q

The unit responsible for the ALRS shall?

A

Coordinate with other units providing ALRS in other affected FIR’s. Notify the associated rescue coordination centre. Request other units to assist in obtaining helpful information. Collate all info & send to rescue coordination centre. Announce termination of emergency when appropriate.

29
Q

Whats does a SIGMET contain?

A

Significant Meteorological Information. 2 types: Convective (valid 2 hours and concerns thunderstorms), and non-convective (valid 4 hours and concerns turbulence, icing, dust, sand and volcanic ash)

30
Q

Whats does an AIRMET contain?

A

Airmen’s Meteorological Information. Concise weather forecast concerning safety of aircraft but less pressing than SIGMET. Also valid 4 hours and concerns turbulence, icing, sustained winds and poor visibility conditions

31
Q

What is VOLMET?

A

Of French origins, a network of localised broadcasting stations reporting TAF, SIGMET and METAR reports.

32
Q

What is ATIS?

A

Continuours broadcast of aeronautical information in busier terminal areas, aimed to reduce frequency congestion. May include active runways and approaches as well as weather information.

33
Q

Uncertainty Phase (INCERFA)

A

No comms within 30 mins of expected. Or failing to arrive within 30 mins of ETA.

34
Q

Alert Phase (ALERFA)

A

Subsequent attempts to establish comms have failed, or aircraft fails to land within 5 mins of being cleared to land.

35
Q

Distress Phase (DISTREFA)

A

Still no comms. Fuel on board is considered exhausted or insufficient to reach safety, info suggests that operating capabilities of a/c have been compromised or that the a/c has made/ about to make a forced landing.

36
Q

What are the uncertainty signals?

A

PAN PAN, aircraft wishes to notify ATC of difficulties.

37
Q

What are the distress signals?

A

MAYDAY, grave and imminent danger.

38
Q

What is an Air Traffic Advisory Service?

A

A service provided within advisory airspace to ensure separation insofar as practical between aircraft operating on IFR flight plans. More effective collision avoidance than FIS. Should only be temporary until replaced by an ATC service.

39
Q

What is Essential Traffic Information?

A

Controlled traffic to which provision of separation by ATC is applicable, but which in relation to a particular flight, is not or will not be, separated from other controlled traffic by the appropriate separation minimum. In simpler words, aircraft whereby standard separation will be breached.

40
Q

An aircraft shall be deemed in flight when?

A

In the case of a piloted flying machine, from the moment when, after the embarkation of it’s crew for the purpose of taking off, it first moves under it’s own power until the moment when it next comes to rest after landing.

41
Q

Define commercial air transport (CAT)?

A

An aircraft operation to transport passengers, cargo or mail for remuneration or other valuable consideration (Commission Regulation EU No 965/2012 or 5/10/2012)

42
Q

What must CAT operators hold and what is it?

A

Must hold an EU-OPS air operator certificate, a safety approval.

43
Q

Whom does not need to hold a EU Ops air operators certificate?

A

Some categories of aircraft under 5700kg.

44
Q

Define Public Transport?

A

Whenever their is payment for carriage of a person who is not crew.

45
Q

What is an Air Traffic Control Unit?

A

Generic term meaning variously, area control centre, approach unit, or aerodrome control tower.

46
Q

What is an Air Traffic Service Unit?

A

Generic term meaning variously, ATC unit, flight information unit, aerodrome flight information service unit or air traffic services reporting unit.

47
Q

SERA 923/2012 includes?

A

The manner in which a/c fly, including military priority.
Lights/signals to be shown by a/c or persons.
Lighting/marking of aerodromes.
Safety if a/c in flight and safety of persons/property on surface.

48
Q

SERA 2001 applies to airspace users and aircraft engages in General Air Traffic (GAT) who:

A

Are operating into, within, or out of the union. Bearing the nationality and registration marks of a member state of the union, and operating in any airspace to the extent that they do not conflict with the rules published by the country having jurisdiction over the territory overflown.

49
Q

Who are there exemptions for from SERA 2001?

A

Special Ops such as SAR, medical, police, surveillance etc.

50
Q

SERA 1001 Flight over the High Seas is specified in which Annex’s of the Chicago Convention?

A

Annex 2 and Annex 11

51
Q

SERA 2005 Compliance

A

Operation of an aircraft either in flight, on the movement area of an aerodrome or at an operating site shall be in compliance with the general rules, the applicable local provisions and, in addition when in flight either with: a)Visual Flight rules or b) Instrument flight rules

52
Q

SERA 2010 Responsibilities

A

The pilot-in-command of a/c, whether in manipulating controls or not, shall be responsible for the operation of the aircraft in accordance with these regulations, except may depart rules in circumstances that render such departure absolutely necessary for the interests of safety.

53
Q

SERA 2015 Authority of Pilot in Command

A

The pilot in command shall have final authority as to the disposition of the aircraft while in command.

54
Q

SERA 2015 Problematic use of Psychoactive Substances

A

No person whose function is critical to the safety of aviation shall undertake that function while under the influence of any psychoactive substance of which human performance is impaired.

55
Q

SERA 3101 Negligent or Reckless Operation of Aircraft

A

An aircraft shall not be operated in a negligent or reckless manner so as to endanger life or property of others.

56
Q

Uncertainty Phase means -

A

if doubt exists to the safety of an aircraft

57
Q

Alert Phase means -

A

If apprehension exists as to the safety of an aircraft

58
Q

Distress Phase means -

A

If reasonable certainty exists that aircraft is threatened by grave and imminent danger

59
Q

Aircraft in distress visual signals may include what?

A

Red flares or red pyrotechnic lights

60
Q

Aircraft urgency visual signals may include what?

A

Switching on and off of landing lights and navigation lights in such a manner that it is distinct from normal flashing of navigation lights.

61
Q

SERA 3301 Signals

A

Aircraft take appropriate action corresponding to the interpretation of the received signal

62
Q

At an aerodrome, red pyrotechnic lights indicate?

A

“immediate assistance requested”

63
Q

At an aerodrome, continuous green lights from an aircraft indicate what?

A

“May I Land?” or “May I land in a different direction from T?”

64
Q

At an aerodrome, flashing navigation lights from an aircraft indicate what?

A

“I am compelled to land”

65
Q

Acknowledgement by aircraft in flight

A

(daytime) rocking wings (in darkness) flashing landing/ nav lights twice

66
Q

Acknowledgement by aircraft on ground

A

(daytime) moving ailerons/rudder (in darkness) flashing landing/ nav lights twice

67
Q

SERA 3215 Display of lights by aircraft in flight

A

By day - anti collision red light

By night - anti-collision lights to attract attention & nav lights to indicate relative path

LIKELY TESTABLE MATERIAL (7 decks)

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