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Latin > Latin: Declensions, Rules, etc. > Flashcards

Latin: Declensions, Rules, etc. Flashcards

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Latin flashcards
1
Q

First declension

A
  • a -ae
  • ae -arum
  • ae -Is
  • am -As
  • A -Is
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2
Q

4 rules of the ACENT syllable

A
  1. Either 2nd from end or 3rd.
  2. For words with 3 or more syllables it’s on the 3rd from the last unless the 2nd syllable is a long vowel.
  3. Know the rule for long vowels…
  4. When enclitics are added, the syllable just before the enclitic.
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3
Q

Rule for LONG VOWELS

A

Have a MACRON over them (a straight line above the letter), otherwise use your instinct according to wiki…

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4
Q

Second Declension: Masculine

A
  • us, -er -I
  • I -Orum
  • O -Is
  • um -Os
  • O -Is
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4
Q

Second Declension: Neuter

A
  • um -a
  • I -Orum
  • O -Is
  • um -a
  • O -Is
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4
Q

Translate Case meaning:

Nominative (Singular)

A

a ..noun.. ________s

-a, -us -er, um

Puer = a boy ______s
Puer laborat. = a boy works.

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5
Q

Translate Case meaning:

Dative (Singular)

A

to/for a …noun…

-ae, -O, -O

PuerO = to/for the BOY.
Casa puerO est. = the house is for the BOY.

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6
Q

Translate Case meaning:

Accusative (Singular)

A

____ ____(s) a …noun…

-am, -um, -um

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7
Q

Translate Case meaning:

Genitive (Singular)

A

of a …noun…

-ae, -I, -I

PuerI = of a boy.

Casam puerI bonum est. = the boy’s house is good.

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8
Q

Translate Case meaning:

Ablative (Singular)

A

by, with, from a …noun…

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9
Q

Translate Case meaning:

Nominative (Plural)

A

…NOUNS… _______.

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10
Q

Translate Case meaning:

Genitive (Plural)

A

of …NOUNS…

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11
Q

Translate Case meaning:

Dative (Plural)

A

to/for …NOUNS…

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12
Q

Translate Case meaning:

Accusative (Plural)

A

_________ _________(s) …NOUNS…

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13
Q

Translate Case meaning:

Ablative (Plural)

A

by, with, from …NOUNS…

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14
Q

NOMINATIVE

Case Use

A

SUBJECT of a FINITE VERB (a verb with a personal ending)

See pg. 13.

15
Q

ACCUSATIVE

Case Use

A

DIRECT OBJECT

Special note: Some verbs, especially those of asking and teaching, regularly take TWO ACCUSATIVES, one of the person (direct object), teh other of the thing (secondary object):
EXP 1) LITTERAS PUEROS doces. = You are teaching the BOYS LITERATURE.
EXP 2) DONUM VIRUM orant. = They are asking the MAN for a PRESENT.

See pg. 14.

16
Q

“PAIN” words

A

First Declension Words that are Masculine (rather then Feminine. They are:

Poeta = poet
Agricola = farmer
Incola = inhabitant
Nauta = sailor
17
Q

Non-Masculine Second Declension Words

most common exceptions

A

humus = f = ground
vulgus = n = crowd
pelagus = n = sea
Names of trees, towns and islands (e.g., quercus ‘oak’) are feminine.

20
Q

Dictionary Entry

A

“The Dictionary entry for a noun lists teh NOMINATIVE SINGULAR form, the GENITIVE SINGULAR for, and the GENDER of the noun.

The Genitive Singular form identifies the noun’s declension:

puella, puellae F. = girl = Gen. -ae = 1st Dec.
amicus, amici M. = friend = Gen. -i = 2nd Dec.
regnum, regni N. = kingdom = Gen. -i = 2nd Dec.

21
Q

Distinguishes the First Declension Ablative Singular from the Nominative Singular

A

The long ‘A’ of the Ablative Singular ending.

22
Q

Distinguishes the First Declension Dative and Ablative Plural

A

The context of the sentence, since they have the same endings (-Is).

23
Q

Distinguishes the First Declension Genitive and Dative Singulars and Nominative Plural.

A

The context of the sentence, since they have the same endings (-ae).

24
Q

In neuter pattern, these are always the same, both in the singular and in the plural.

A

The nominative and the accusative case endings.

Sg = -um
Pl = -a
25
Q

In the neuter pattern, these are the same as in the masculine pattern.

A

All endings other then Nominative and Accusative singular and plural.

           sg.          pl.
...
Gen. =  -I           -orum
Dat.  =  -O         -Is
...
Abl.  =  -O         -Is
26
Q

Latin uses this to connect two words

A

Coordinating Conjunction

et
et … et
-que
sed

27
Q

Coordination Conjunctions connect

A

two words of the SAME FUNCTION

2 subjects, 2 verbs, never a subject and a verb, or a subject and a direct object

28
Q

placement of the Coordinating Conjunction

A

commonly between the words connected

except with the enclitic -QUE, which is placed at the end of the second of the two words connected.

29
Q

if two subjects are joined by a conjunction…

A

…the verb will be plural.

Agricola et puer laborant.
= The farmer and the boy are working.

Latin (4 decks)

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