latin core vocabulary Flashcards by Matthew Valdes

vōtum -ī n.

solemn promise, vow; hope

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uxor uxōris f.

wife

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vōs

you (pl.); (gen.) vestrum/vestrī, (dat./abl.) vōbīs, (acc.) vōs

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vōx vōcis f.

voice, utterance

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urbs urbis f.

city

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ūsque

up to; continuously

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ūsus -ūs m.

use, experience

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ut, utī

as (+ indic.); so that, with the result that (+ subj.)

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uterque utraque utrumque

each of two

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ūtilis -e

useful

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ūtor ūtī ūsus sum

use, consume, employ (+ abl.)

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utrum

whether; utrum … an: whether … or

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vulgō

commonly

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vulgus -ī n. and m.

the common people

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vulnus -eris n.

wound

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vultus -ūs m.

look, expression, face

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turbō -āre

disturb, confuse

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tūtus -a -um

safe, protected

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tuus -a -um

your

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turba -ae f.

crowd, uproar

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tum or tunc

then

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tū tuī tibi tē

you (sing.)

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trīstis -e

sad, solemn, grim

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tribūnus -ī m.

tribune, title of various Roman officials, as mīlitum, plēbis, aerāriī

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trēs tria

three

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vacō vacāre

be empty, open, unoccupied

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vacuus -a -um

empty

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turpis -e

ugly, unsightly; disgraceful

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vehō vehere vēxī vectum

carry; vehor vehī vectus sum: travel, ride

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or (enclitic)

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ubi

where, when

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vātēs -is m.

poet, bard

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varius -a -um

changing, varied, various

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vanus -a -um

empty; false, deceitful

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validus -a -um

strong

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valeō valēre valuī

be strong, excel, be valid, prevail; valē: farewell!

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vagus -a -um

wandering, shifting

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trānseō -īre -iī -itum

go across

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trahō trahere trāxī trāctum

drag, draw

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trādō -dere -didī -ditum

hand over, yield

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teneō -ēre -uī tentum

hold, keep

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tenebrae -brārum f. pl.

darkness, the shadows

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tendō tendere tetendī tentum

stretch, extend, direct (one’s steps or course)

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tempus -oris n.

time

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templum -ī n.

consecrated ground; temple

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tempestas -tātis f.

period of time, season; bad weather, storm

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tēlum -ī n.

missile, weapon, spear

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tellus tellūris f.

earth

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tegō tegere tēxī tēctum

cover, conceal

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tener -era -erum

tender

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temptō -āre

try, test

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tergum -ī n.

back, rear; ā tergō: from the rear

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tōtus -a -um

whole, entire

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tot

so many

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tollō tollere sustulī sublātum

raise up, destroy

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timor -ōris m.

fear

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timeō -ēre -uī

to fear, to dread

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testis -is m.

witness

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tertius -a -um

third

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terreō terrēre terruī territum

terrify, frighten

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terra -ae f.

land

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tēctum -ī n.

roof; building, house

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vel

or else, or; even; vel … vel: either … or

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ultrā

beyond, further (adv. and prep. + acc.)

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ultimus -a -um

farthest, final, last, ultimate

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ūllus -a -um

any, anyone

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vix

scarcely

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vīvō vīvere vīxī vīctum

live

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vītō -āre

avoid, shun

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vitium -ī n.

flaw, fault, crime

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vīta -ae f.

life

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vīs f.

force; (acc.) vim, (abl.) vī; (pl.) vīrēs, strength

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umbra -ae f.

shade, shadow

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umquam

ever

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unda -ae f.

wave, flowing water, water

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voluptās -ātis f.

pleasure, enjoyment

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voluntās -ātis f.

wish, desire

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volucris -is f./m.

bird

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volucer -cris -cre

flying

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volō velle voluī

wish, be willing

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vocō -āre

call

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ūnus -a -um

one

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undique

from all sides, on all sides

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unde

from where

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virtūs -ūtis f.

valor, manliness, virtue

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virgō -inis f.

maiden, virgin, girl

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vir virī m.

man

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vester vestra vestrum

your

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vērus -a -um

true

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vertō vertere vertī versum

turn

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vērō

in fact, certainly, without doubt

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vereor verērī veritus sum

fear, stand in awe of

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vērē

truly

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verbum -ī n.

word

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ventus -ī m.

wind

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veniō venīre vēnī ventum

come

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velut

even as, just as

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vestīgium -ī n.

footstep, footprint, track

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vestis -is f.

garment, robe, clothing

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vīnum -ī n.

vine, wine

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vinculum -ī n.

bond, fetter, tie

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vincō vincere vīcī victum

conquer

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videō vidēre vīdī vīsum

see

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victōria -ae f.

victory

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victor -ōris m.

conqueror

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vīcīnus -a -um

neighboring, near

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via -ae f.

way, street

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vetus veteris

old

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vetō -āre vetuī vetītum

forbid

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sīc

in this manner, thus; sīc … ut: in the same way as

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sīcut

just as

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sīdus -eris n.

star, constellation

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sīgnum -ī n.

sign, standard, mark

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sī

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seu

whether; seu … seu: whether … or → sīve

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servus -ī m.

slave

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servō -āre

save, watch over

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serviō -īre

be a slave, serve (+ dat.)

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sermō -ōnis m.

conversation, discourse

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silva -ae f.

forest, grove

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similis -e

like, similar

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simul

at the same time

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sōlum

only, merely

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soleō -ēre -uī -itum

be accustomed

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sōl sōlis m.

sun

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socius -a -um

friendly, allied; socius -ī m.: partner, comrade

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sīve

whether; sīve … sīve: whether … or → seu

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sinus -ūs m.

fold of a garment; lap, bay, gulf

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sinō sinere sīvī situm

allow, let go

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singulī -ae -a

one each

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sine

without (+ abl.)

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solvō solvere solvī solūtum

release, set sail

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sequor sequī secūtus sum

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secundus -a -um

following; favorable

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scrībō scrībere scrīpsī scrīptum

write

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sciō -īre -īvī/-iī -ītum

know

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scīlicet

certainly, of course

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scientia -ae f.

knowledge

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scelus -eris n.

crime, sin

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saxum -ī n.

rock, cliff, crag

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satis, sat

enough, sufficiently

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sapientia -ae f.

wisdom

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sēcūrus -a -um

free from care, tranquil; careless

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sed

but

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sedeō sedēre sēdī sessum

sit

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sepulcrum -ī n.

place of burial, tomb, grave

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sentiō sentīre sēnsī sēnsum

perceive, feel, hear, see

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sententia -ae f.

opinion, judgment

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sēnsus -ūs m.

feeling, emotion, sense

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senex -is m.

old man, elder; senior, older

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senātus -ūs m.

senate

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semper

always, ever

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semel

once

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sēdēs -is f.

seat, abode, habitation

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sapiēns -ntis

wise man

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supplicium -ī n.

punishment, penalty

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suscipiō -cipere -cēpī ceptum

take up

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surgō surgere surrēxī surrēctum

rise

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suprā

above, beyond (adv. and prep. +acc.)

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superus -a -um

situated above, upper

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supersum -esse -fuī

remain, survive; be superfluous (to)

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superō -āre

overcome, surpass, defeat

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superī -ōrum m. pl.

those above, i.e. the gods

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superbus -a -um

overbearing, proud, haughty

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super

over (adv. and prep. +acc.)

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sustineō sustinēre sustinuī sustentum

hold up, sustain

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suus -a -um

his own, her own, its own

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taceō -ēre -uī -itum

be silent; tacitus -a -um, silent

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tardus -a -um

slow, sluggish, lingering

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tantus -a -um

so great, so much

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tantum, tantummodo

only

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tangō tangere tetigī tāctum

touch

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tandem

finally

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tamquam

so as, just as

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tamen

nevertheless, still

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tam

so, so much

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tālis tāle

such

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sūmō sūmere sūmpsī sūmptum

take up

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sōlus -a -um

only, alone

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spēs speī f.

hope

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spērō -āre

to hope

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spectō -āre

look at, consider

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speciēs -ēī f.

aspect, appearance

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spatium -ī n.

space

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spargō spargere sparsī sparsum

scatter

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sors sortis f.

lot, fate, destiny; oracle

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soror -ōris f.

sister

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sonō sonāre sonuī sonitum

sound, resound

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somnus -ī m.

sleep, slumber; (pl.) dreams

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spīritus -ūs m.

breath, life, spirit

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statim

immediately

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sum esse fuī

be, exist

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sui sibi sē/sēsē

him- her- itself, themselves

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subitō

suddenly, unexpectedly

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subeō -īre -iī -itum

go under; endure

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sub

under, close to (+acc. or abl.)

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studium -ī n.

eagerness, zeal

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studeō -ēre -uī

be eager, be zealous, care for (+ dat.)

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stō stāre stetī statum

stand

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stella -ae f.

star

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statuō -ere -uī -ūtum

set up, determine

reddō -dere -didī -ditum

return, give back

redeō -īre -iī -itum

go back, return

referō referre rettulī relātum

bring back; report

regiō -ōnis f.

boundary, region

rēgius -a -um

kingly, royal

rēgnum -ī n.

kingship, kingdom

regō regere rēxī rēctum

guide, rule

relinquō -linquere -līquī -lictum

abandon

reliquus -a -um

remaining, rest

reor rērī rātus sum

think, imagine, suppose, deem

rēctus -a -um

straight, direct

recipiō -cipere -cēpī -ceptum

take back, receive; sē recipere, betake oneself, go

recēns -ntis

fresh, new

quisquis quidquid

whoever, whichever

quōmodo

in what way, how?

quondam

formerly, once

quoniam

since, seeing that

quoque

also, too

quotiēns

how many times?

rapiō rapere rapuī raptum

seize, tear away

rārus -a -um

wide apart, loose, thin; rare, seldom

ratiō -ōnis f.

method, plan, reason

recēdō -cēdere -cessī -cessum

step back, recoil, recede, withdraw

reperiō -perīre -pperī -pertum

find, find out

quō

for which reason; to or in what place; to what end, for what purpose?

rūs rūris n.

country

sacer sacra sacrum

holy, sacred

sacerdōs -dōtis m./f.

priest, priestess

saeculum -ī n.

generation, age, century

saepe

often

saevus -a -um

fierce, raging, wrathful

salūs -ūtis f.

health, safety

sānctus -a -um

sacred, inviolable

sanguis -inis m.

blood

sānus -a -um

sound, sane

rūrsus

back, again

rumpō rumpere rūpī ruptum

break, rupture

rogō -āre

ask

repetō -petere -petīvī -petītum

demand, exact; revisit; call to mind, recollect; repeat

rēs reī f.

thing (rēs pūblica, commonwealth; rēs familiāris, family property, estate; rēs mīlitāris, art of war; rēs novae, revolution)

respicio -ere -spēxī -spectum

look back, regard, consider

respondeō -spondēre -spondī -spōnsum

answer

retineō -tinēre -tinuī -tentum

hold back, keep

revertō -vertere -vertī

turn back

revocō -āre

call back, recall

reus -ī m.

defendant

rēx rēgis m.

king

rīdeō -ēre rīsī rīsum

laugh, laugh at

rīpa -ae f.

bank of a river

prīncipium -ī n.

beginning

prīnceps -cipis

first, chief

prīmus -a -um

first

prīmum

at first, firstly

prex precis f.

prayers, entreaties

pretium -ī n.

price, worth, reward; pretium operae: a reward for trouble

premō premere pressī pressum

press, pursue, overwhelm

precor -ārī

pray, invoke

praetor -ōris m.

praetor, one of the chief Roman magistrates

prior prius

earlier, preceding

prīvātus -a -um

personal, private

prohibeō -ēre -uī -itum

restrain, keep away

proficīscor -ficīscī -fectus sum

set forth, go

proelium -ī n.

battle

prōdō prōdere prōdidī prōditum

publish, hand down; give over, betray

procul

at a distance

prōcēdō -cēdere -cessī -cessum

go forth, advance

probō -āre

approve, prove; convince one (dat.) of a thing (acc.)

prō

for, on behalf of, in proportion to (+abl.)

prius or priusquam

before

praetereā

besides, moreover

praeter

by, along, past; besides, except (+ acc.)

praestō -stāre -stitī -stitum

excel, exhibit

posterus -a -um

next, later

posteā

afterwards

post

after (adv. and prep. +acc.)

possum posse potuī

be able

pōscō pōscere popōscī

demand, claim; inquire into

portō -āre

carry a load

porta -ae f.

gate

populus -ī m.

people

postquam

after

potēns potentis

able, powerful

potestās -ātis f.

power

praesidium -ī n.

garrison, protection

praesēns -ntis

present, in person, ready

praemium -ī n.

bounty, reward

praeda -ae f.

booty, prey

praecipiō -cipere -cēpī -ceptum

anticipate, advise, warn

praeceptum -ī n.

rule, precept; command

praebeō -ēre -uī -itum

furnish, supply, render

potis -e

powerful, able

pontus -ī m.

the open sea, the deep

quisque quaeque quidque

each one, everyone

quemadmodum

in what manner, how

que

and (enclitic)

quattuor

four

quasi

as if

quārē

how? why?

quantus -a -um

(interr.) how great? (rel.) of what size, amount, etc.

quantum

(adv.) how much? how greatly? how much! how greatly! as much as

quandō

when?; since; sī quandō: if ever

queror querī questus sum

complain of, lament

quī quae quod

who, which, what

quia

because

quis quid

who? what? which?

quisquam quicquam/quidquam

any (single) person, anyone at all

quīppe

(adv.) indeed, surely

quīn

(adv.) indeed, in fact; (conjunction) so that … not (+ subj.)

quiēscō quiēscere quiēvī quiētum

keep quiet; sleep

quidem

certainly, at least

quīdam quaedam quoddam

a certain one, someone

quīcumque quaecumque quodcumque

who-, whatever

quamvīs

however you like; although

quamquam

however, although

quam

how?; (after comparative) than

prōvincia -ae f.

province; official duty

prōtinus

at once, forthwith

prōsum prodesse profuī

be of use, do good, help (+ dat.)

propter

because of (+ acc.)

proprius -a -um

one’s own, peculiar

prōpōnō -pōnere -posuī -positum

put forth, propose, present

properō -āre

hasten, speed

prope

near, next; (comp.) propior, (superl.) proximus; (adv.) prope, nearly, almost

prōmittō -mittere -mīsī -missum

send forth, offer

pūblicus -a -um

public, belonging to the state

pudor pudōris m.

sense of shame, modesty, propriety

quālis -e

of what kind? what?

quaerō -rere -sīvī -sītum

seek, inquire

quā

where, how

putō -āre

think, suppose

pulcher -chra -chrum

beautiful

pūgnō -āre

fight

pūgna -ae f.

fist-fight; battle

puer puerī m.

boy; slave

puella -ae f.

girl; girl-friend

onus oneris n.

load, burden

omnis -e

all, every, as a whole

ōlim

formerly, at that time

officium -ī n.

service, duty

offerō offerre obtulī oblātum

present, offer, expose

odium -ī n.

hatred

ōdī ōdisse

hate

oculus -ī m.

eye

occurrō -currere -cucurrī -cursum

run to meet; come into one’s mind

occupō -āre

seize, occupy; anticipate, do a thing first (+ infin.)

occīdō -cīdere -cīdī -cīsum

kill, cut down

opera -ae f.

labor, activity, work

oportet -ēre -uit

it is proper, right (+ acc. + infin.)

ōs ōris n.

mouth, face

ōrō -āre

pray

orior orīrī ortus sum

arise, begin

ōrdō -īnis m.

order, rank

orbis -is m.

circle; orbis terrārum: world

ōrātiō -ōnis f.

speech, address

opus operis n.

work

optō -āre

choose, select

ops opis f.

assistance, resources

oppidum -ī n.

town

os ossis n.

bone

against, on account of (+acc)

nōscō nōscere nōvī nōtum

learn, (in perfect tenses) know

nōs nostrum/nostrī nōbīs nōs

nōndum

not yet

nōn

not

nōmen -inis n.

name

nōlō nōlle nōluī

be unwilling

noceō nocēre nocuī

harm

nōbilis -e

distinguished, noble; (as subst.) a nobleman or woman

nimius -a -um

too much, excessive

nimis or nimium

excessively

noster nostra nostrum

our

nōtus -a -um

well-known

nūntius -ī m.

messenger; news

nunc

now

numquam

never

numerus -ī m.

number, amount

nūmen -inis n.

divine will, deity

num

interrogative particle implying negative answer

nūllus -a -um

not any, no one

nūdus -a -um

naked, bare

nox noctis f.

night

novus -a -um

new

nihil, nīl

nothing; not at all

pōnō pōnere posuī positum

put, place; put aside

perveniō -venīre -vēnī -ventum

arrive, reach

pertineō -tinēre -tinuī

extend over, reach; refer to, pertain to, be the business of

perpetuus -a -um

unbroken, perpetual

permittō -mittere -mīsī -missum

yield, allow, permit

perīculum -ī n.

danger

pergō pergere perrēxī perrēctum

continue, proceed; awaken

pereō -īre -iī -itum

perish, be lost

perdō -dere -didī -ditum

destroy

per

through (+acc.)

pendō pendere pependī pēnsum

weigh, hang, suspend; pay

pēs pedis m.

foot

petō petere petīvī petītum

seek, aim at

pondus ponderis n.

weight

poēta -ae m.

poet

poena -ae f.

penalty, punishment

plērus- plēra- plērumque

the greater part, very many, most, the majority

plērumque

generally

plēnus -a -um

full

plēbs plēbis f.

the common people

placeō placēre placuī placitum

please

pius -a -um

dutiful, devoted, just, pious

pietās -tātis f.

sense of duty, devotion, esp. between parents and children

pellō pellere pepulī pulsum

strike, beat, push, drive

pecus -oris n.

cattle, sheep

pars partis f.

part

parō -āre

prepare, acquire; parātus -a -um, ready

pariō parere peperī partum

bring forth, give birth to; accomplish

pāreō pārēre pāruī

obey

parēns -ntis m./f.

parent

parcō parcere pepercī parsum

spare, be sparing of (+ dat.)

pār paris

equal

paene

almost

ōtium -ī n.

leisure

ostendō ostendere ostendī ostentum

show, hold out

parum

too little

parvus -a -um

small

pateō patēre patuī

lie open, extend; be evident or obvious

pecūnia -ae f.

money

pectus -oris n.

chest, breast

peccō -āre

commit a wrong, injure

pāx pācis f.

peace

pauper -eris

poor, lowly

paulō, paulum

to only a small extent, slightly, a little

paucī -ae -a

few

patria -ae f.

fatherland, country

patior patī passus sum

permit, endure

pater patris m.

father, ancestor

modo

just, just now; modo … modo: now … now, at one moment … at another, sometimes … sometimes

mittō mittere mīsī missum

send, let go

miser misera miserum

wretched, pitiable

misceō miscēre miscuī mixtum

mix

mīror mīrārī mīrātus sum

wonder at, marvel at (+ acc.)

mīlle (pl.) mīlia

thousand

modus -ī m.

measure, manner, kind

moenia -ium n. pl.

walls, fortifications

mollis -e

soft, yielding, gentle

moneō monēre monuī monitum

warn, advise

mōns montis m.

mountain

mora -ae f.

delay, hindrance

morbus -ī m.

sickness, disease

morior morī mortuus sum

die

moror morārī morātus sum

delay

mīles -itis m.

soldier

meus -a -um

metus -ūs m.

fear, dread

maneō manēre mānsī mānsum

remain

manus -ūs f.

hand; band of men

mare -is n.

sea

marītus -ī m.

husband

māter mātris f.

mother

māteria -ae f.

material, subject matter; timber, lumber

medius -a -um

middle, central

membrum -ī m.

limb, member of the body

meminī meminisse

remember, recollect

memoria -ae f.

recollection, memory

mēns mentis f.

mind

mēnsa -ae f.

table

mereō merēre meruī meritum

deserve, merit; serve as a soldier

metuō metuere metuī

to fear, to dread

malus -a -um

bad, evil

mors mortis f.

death

nāvis -is f.

ship

ne (enclitic)

interrogative particle attached to the emphatic word in a question

nē

lest, that not

nec

and not, nor; nec … nec, neither … nor; → neque

necesse (indecl. adj.)

necessary

necessitās -tātis f.

necessity, need

nefās

impiety, wickedness

negō -āre

deny, refuse

negōtium -ī n.

business

nēmō

no one (gen. nūllīus, dat. nūllī, abl. nūllō or nūllā → nūllus -a -um)

nemus nemoris n.

grove, forest

neque

and not, nor; neque … neque, neither … nor; → nec

nesciō -scīre

not know, be ignorant

nisi, nī

if not, unless

nātus -ī m.

son

nātūra -ae f.

nature

nāscor nāscī nātus sum

be born

mortālis -e

liable to death, mortal

mōs mōris m.

custom, habit; (pl.) character

moveō -ēre mōvī mōtum

move

mox

soon

mulier -eris f.

woman

multitūdō -inis f.

multitude, number

multus -a -um

much, many; multō, by far

mundus -a -um

clean, neat, elegant

mundus -ī m.

world, universe, heavens

mūnus mūneris n.

gift, offering; duty, obligation; (pl.) gladiatorial show

mūrus -ī m.

wall

mūtō -āre

change

nam or namque

for, indeed, really

narrō -āre

relate, recount

niger nigra nigrum

black

mālō mālle māluī

prefer

legō legere lēgī lēctum

gather, choose, read

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