latin core vocabulary Flashcards
vōtum -ī n.
solemn promise, vow; hope
uxor uxōris f.
wife
vōs
you (pl.); (gen.) vestrum/vestrī, (dat./abl.) vōbīs, (acc.) vōs
vōx vōcis f.
voice, utterance
urbs urbis f.
city
ūsque
up to; continuously
ūsus -ūs m.
use, experience
ut, utī
as (+ indic.); so that, with the result that (+ subj.)
uterque utraque utrumque
each of two
ūtilis -e
useful
ūtor ūtī ūsus sum
use, consume, employ (+ abl.)
utrum
whether; utrum … an: whether … or
vulgō
commonly
vulgus -ī n. and m.
the common people
vulnus -eris n.
wound
vultus -ūs m.
look, expression, face
turbō -āre
disturb, confuse
tūtus -a -um
safe, protected
tuus -a -um
your
turba -ae f.
crowd, uproar
tum or tunc
then
tū tuī tibi tē
you (sing.)
trīstis -e
sad, solemn, grim
tribūnus -ī m.
tribune, title of various Roman officials, as mīlitum, plēbis, aerāriī
trēs tria
three
vacō vacāre
be empty, open, unoccupied
vacuus -a -um
empty
turpis -e
ugly, unsightly; disgraceful
vehō vehere vēxī vectum
carry; vehor vehī vectus sum: travel, ride
ve
or (enclitic)
ubi
where, when
vātēs -is m.
poet, bard
varius -a -um
changing, varied, various
vanus -a -um
empty; false, deceitful
validus -a -um
strong
valeō valēre valuī
be strong, excel, be valid, prevail; valē: farewell!
vagus -a -um
wandering, shifting
trānseō -īre -iī -itum
go across
trahō trahere trāxī trāctum
drag, draw
trādō -dere -didī -ditum
hand over, yield
teneō -ēre -uī tentum
hold, keep
tenebrae -brārum f. pl.
darkness, the shadows
tendō tendere tetendī tentum
stretch, extend, direct (one’s steps or course)
tempus -oris n.
time
templum -ī n.
consecrated ground; temple
tempestas -tātis f.
period of time, season; bad weather, storm
tēlum -ī n.
missile, weapon, spear
tellus tellūris f.
earth
tegō tegere tēxī tēctum
cover, conceal
tener -era -erum
tender
temptō -āre
try, test
tergum -ī n.
back, rear; ā tergō: from the rear
tōtus -a -um
whole, entire
tot
so many
tollō tollere sustulī sublātum
raise up, destroy
timor -ōris m.
fear
timeō -ēre -uī
to fear, to dread
testis -is m.
witness
tertius -a -um
third
terreō terrēre terruī territum
terrify, frighten
terra -ae f.
land
tēctum -ī n.
roof; building, house
vel
or else, or; even; vel … vel: either … or
ultrā
beyond, further (adv. and prep. + acc.)
ultimus -a -um
farthest, final, last, ultimate
ūllus -a -um
any, anyone
vix
scarcely
vīvō vīvere vīxī vīctum
live
vītō -āre
avoid, shun
vitium -ī n.
flaw, fault, crime
vīta -ae f.
life
vīs f.
force; (acc.) vim, (abl.) vī; (pl.) vīrēs, strength
umbra -ae f.
shade, shadow
umquam
ever
unda -ae f.
wave, flowing water, water
voluptās -ātis f.
pleasure, enjoyment
voluntās -ātis f.
wish, desire
volucris -is f./m.
bird
volucer -cris -cre
flying
volō velle voluī
wish, be willing
vocō -āre
call
ūnus -a -um
one
undique
from all sides, on all sides
unde
from where
virtūs -ūtis f.
valor, manliness, virtue
virgō -inis f.
maiden, virgin, girl
vir virī m.
man
vester vestra vestrum
your
vērus -a -um
true
vertō vertere vertī versum
turn
vērō
in fact, certainly, without doubt
vereor verērī veritus sum
fear, stand in awe of
vērē
truly
verbum -ī n.
word
ventus -ī m.
wind
veniō venīre vēnī ventum
come
velut
even as, just as
vestīgium -ī n.
footstep, footprint, track
vestis -is f.
garment, robe, clothing
vīnum -ī n.
vine, wine
vinculum -ī n.
bond, fetter, tie
vincō vincere vīcī victum
conquer
videō vidēre vīdī vīsum
see
victōria -ae f.
victory
victor -ōris m.
conqueror
vīcīnus -a -um
neighboring, near
via -ae f.
way, street
vetus veteris
old
vetō -āre vetuī vetītum
forbid
sīc
in this manner, thus; sīc … ut: in the same way as
sīcut
just as
sīdus -eris n.
star, constellation
sīgnum -ī n.
sign, standard, mark
sī
if
seu
whether; seu … seu: whether … or → sīve
servus -ī m.
slave
servō -āre
save, watch over
serviō -īre
be a slave, serve (+ dat.)
sermō -ōnis m.
conversation, discourse
silva -ae f.
forest, grove
similis -e
like, similar
simul
at the same time
sōlum
only, merely
soleō -ēre -uī -itum
be accustomed
sōl sōlis m.
sun
socius -a -um
friendly, allied; socius -ī m.: partner, comrade
sīve
whether; sīve … sīve: whether … or → seu
sinus -ūs m.
fold of a garment; lap, bay, gulf
sinō sinere sīvī situm
allow, let go
singulī -ae -a
one each
sine
without (+ abl.)
solvō solvere solvī solūtum
release, set sail
sequor sequī secūtus sum
follow
secundus -a -um
following; favorable
scrībō scrībere scrīpsī scrīptum
write
sciō -īre -īvī/-iī -ītum
know
scīlicet
certainly, of course
scientia -ae f.
knowledge
scelus -eris n.
crime, sin
saxum -ī n.
rock, cliff, crag
satis, sat
enough, sufficiently
sapientia -ae f.
wisdom
sēcūrus -a -um
free from care, tranquil; careless
sed
but
sedeō sedēre sēdī sessum
sit
sepulcrum -ī n.
place of burial, tomb, grave
sentiō sentīre sēnsī sēnsum
perceive, feel, hear, see
sententia -ae f.
opinion, judgment
sēnsus -ūs m.
feeling, emotion, sense
senex -is m.
old man, elder; senior, older
senātus -ūs m.
senate
semper
always, ever
semel
once
sēdēs -is f.
seat, abode, habitation
sapiēns -ntis
wise man
supplicium -ī n.
punishment, penalty
suscipiō -cipere -cēpī ceptum
take up
surgō surgere surrēxī surrēctum
rise
suprā
above, beyond (adv. and prep. +acc.)
superus -a -um
situated above, upper
supersum -esse -fuī
remain, survive; be superfluous (to)
superō -āre
overcome, surpass, defeat
superī -ōrum m. pl.
those above, i.e. the gods
superbus -a -um
overbearing, proud, haughty
super
over (adv. and prep. +acc.)
sustineō sustinēre sustinuī sustentum
hold up, sustain
suus -a -um
his own, her own, its own
taceō -ēre -uī -itum
be silent; tacitus -a -um, silent
tardus -a -um
slow, sluggish, lingering
tantus -a -um
so great, so much
tantum, tantummodo
only
tangō tangere tetigī tāctum
touch
tandem
finally
tamquam
so as, just as
tamen
nevertheless, still
tam
so, so much
tālis tāle
such
sūmō sūmere sūmpsī sūmptum
take up
sōlus -a -um
only, alone
spēs speī f.
hope
spērō -āre
to hope
spectō -āre
look at, consider
speciēs -ēī f.
aspect, appearance
spatium -ī n.
space
spargō spargere sparsī sparsum
scatter
sors sortis f.
lot, fate, destiny; oracle
soror -ōris f.
sister
sonō sonāre sonuī sonitum
sound, resound
somnus -ī m.
sleep, slumber; (pl.) dreams
spīritus -ūs m.
breath, life, spirit
statim
immediately
sum esse fuī
be, exist
sui sibi sē/sēsē
him- her- itself, themselves
subitō
suddenly, unexpectedly
subeō -īre -iī -itum
go under; endure
sub
under, close to (+acc. or abl.)
studium -ī n.
eagerness, zeal
studeō -ēre -uī
be eager, be zealous, care for (+ dat.)
stō stāre stetī statum
stand
stella -ae f.
star
statuō -ere -uī -ūtum
set up, determine
reddō -dere -didī -ditum
return, give back
redeō -īre -iī -itum
go back, return
referō referre rettulī relātum
bring back; report
regiō -ōnis f.
boundary, region
rēgius -a -um
kingly, royal
rēgnum -ī n.
kingship, kingdom
regō regere rēxī rēctum
guide, rule
relinquō -linquere -līquī -lictum
abandon
reliquus -a -um
remaining, rest
reor rērī rātus sum
think, imagine, suppose, deem
rēctus -a -um
straight, direct
recipiō -cipere -cēpī -ceptum
take back, receive; sē recipere, betake oneself, go
recēns -ntis
fresh, new
quisquis quidquid
whoever, whichever
quōmodo
in what way, how?
quondam
formerly, once
quoniam
since, seeing that
quoque
also, too
quotiēns
how many times?
rapiō rapere rapuī raptum
seize, tear away
rārus -a -um
wide apart, loose, thin; rare, seldom
ratiō -ōnis f.
method, plan, reason
recēdō -cēdere -cessī -cessum
step back, recoil, recede, withdraw
reperiō -perīre -pperī -pertum
find, find out
quō
for which reason; to or in what place; to what end, for what purpose?
rūs rūris n.
country
sacer sacra sacrum
holy, sacred
sacerdōs -dōtis m./f.
priest, priestess
saeculum -ī n.
generation, age, century
saepe
often
saevus -a -um
fierce, raging, wrathful
salūs -ūtis f.
health, safety
sānctus -a -um
sacred, inviolable
sanguis -inis m.
blood
sānus -a -um
sound, sane
rūrsus
back, again
rumpō rumpere rūpī ruptum
break, rupture
rogō -āre
ask
repetō -petere -petīvī -petītum
demand, exact; revisit; call to mind, recollect; repeat
rēs reī f.
thing (rēs pūblica, commonwealth; rēs familiāris, family property, estate; rēs mīlitāris, art of war; rēs novae, revolution)
respicio -ere -spēxī -spectum
look back, regard, consider
respondeō -spondēre -spondī -spōnsum
answer
retineō -tinēre -tinuī -tentum
hold back, keep
revertō -vertere -vertī
turn back
revocō -āre
call back, recall
reus -ī m.
defendant
rēx rēgis m.
king
rīdeō -ēre rīsī rīsum
laugh, laugh at
rīpa -ae f.
bank of a river
prīncipium -ī n.
beginning
prīnceps -cipis
first, chief
prīmus -a -um
first
prīmum
at first, firstly
prex precis f.
prayers, entreaties
pretium -ī n.
price, worth, reward; pretium operae: a reward for trouble
premō premere pressī pressum
press, pursue, overwhelm
precor -ārī
pray, invoke
praetor -ōris m.
praetor, one of the chief Roman magistrates
prior prius
earlier, preceding
prīvātus -a -um
personal, private
prohibeō -ēre -uī -itum
restrain, keep away
proficīscor -ficīscī -fectus sum
set forth, go
proelium -ī n.
battle
prōdō prōdere prōdidī prōditum
publish, hand down; give over, betray
procul
at a distance
prōcēdō -cēdere -cessī -cessum
go forth, advance
probō -āre
approve, prove; convince one (dat.) of a thing (acc.)
prō
for, on behalf of, in proportion to (+abl.)
prius or priusquam
before
praetereā
besides, moreover
praeter
by, along, past; besides, except (+ acc.)
praestō -stāre -stitī -stitum
excel, exhibit
posterus -a -um
next, later
posteā
afterwards
post
after (adv. and prep. +acc.)
possum posse potuī
be able
pōscō pōscere popōscī
demand, claim; inquire into
portō -āre
carry a load
porta -ae f.
gate
populus -ī m.
people
postquam
after
potēns potentis
able, powerful
potestās -ātis f.
power
praesidium -ī n.
garrison, protection
praesēns -ntis
present, in person, ready
praemium -ī n.
bounty, reward
praeda -ae f.
booty, prey
praecipiō -cipere -cēpī -ceptum
anticipate, advise, warn
praeceptum -ī n.
rule, precept; command
praebeō -ēre -uī -itum
furnish, supply, render
potis -e
powerful, able
pontus -ī m.
the open sea, the deep
quisque quaeque quidque
each one, everyone
quemadmodum
in what manner, how
que
and (enclitic)
quattuor
four
quasi
as if
quārē
how? why?
quantus -a -um
(interr.) how great? (rel.) of what size, amount, etc.
quantum
(adv.) how much? how greatly? how much! how greatly! as much as
quandō
when?; since; sī quandō: if ever
queror querī questus sum
complain of, lament
quī quae quod
who, which, what
quia
because
quis quid
who? what? which?
quisquam quicquam/quidquam
any (single) person, anyone at all
quīppe
(adv.) indeed, surely
quīn
(adv.) indeed, in fact; (conjunction) so that … not (+ subj.)
quiēscō quiēscere quiēvī quiētum
keep quiet; sleep
quidem
certainly, at least
quīdam quaedam quoddam
a certain one, someone
quīcumque quaecumque quodcumque
who-, whatever
quamvīs
however you like; although
quamquam
however, although
quam
how?; (after comparative) than
prōvincia -ae f.
province; official duty
prōtinus
at once, forthwith
prōsum prodesse profuī
be of use, do good, help (+ dat.)
propter
because of (+ acc.)
proprius -a -um
one’s own, peculiar
prōpōnō -pōnere -posuī -positum
put forth, propose, present
properō -āre
hasten, speed
prope
near, next; (comp.) propior, (superl.) proximus; (adv.) prope, nearly, almost
prōmittō -mittere -mīsī -missum
send forth, offer
pūblicus -a -um
public, belonging to the state
pudor pudōris m.
sense of shame, modesty, propriety
quālis -e
of what kind? what?
quaerō -rere -sīvī -sītum
seek, inquire
quā
where, how
putō -āre
think, suppose
pulcher -chra -chrum
beautiful
pūgnō -āre
fight
pūgna -ae f.
fist-fight; battle
puer puerī m.
boy; slave
puella -ae f.
girl; girl-friend
onus oneris n.
load, burden
omnis -e
all, every, as a whole
ōlim
formerly, at that time
officium -ī n.
service, duty
offerō offerre obtulī oblātum
present, offer, expose
odium -ī n.
hatred
ōdī ōdisse
hate
oculus -ī m.
eye
occurrō -currere -cucurrī -cursum
run to meet; come into one’s mind
occupō -āre
seize, occupy; anticipate, do a thing first (+ infin.)
occīdō -cīdere -cīdī -cīsum
kill, cut down
opera -ae f.
labor, activity, work
oportet -ēre -uit
it is proper, right (+ acc. + infin.)
ōs ōris n.
mouth, face
ōrō -āre
pray
orior orīrī ortus sum
arise, begin
ōrdō -īnis m.
order, rank
orbis -is m.
circle; orbis terrārum: world
ōrātiō -ōnis f.
speech, address
opus operis n.
work
optō -āre
choose, select
ops opis f.
assistance, resources
oppidum -ī n.
town
os ossis n.
bone
ob
against, on account of (+acc)
nōscō nōscere nōvī nōtum
learn, (in perfect tenses) know
nōs nostrum/nostrī nōbīs nōs
we
nōndum
not yet
nōn
not
nōmen -inis n.
name
nōlō nōlle nōluī
be unwilling
noceō nocēre nocuī
harm
nōbilis -e
distinguished, noble; (as subst.) a nobleman or woman
nimius -a -um
too much, excessive
nimis or nimium
excessively
noster nostra nostrum
our
nōtus -a -um
well-known
nūntius -ī m.
messenger; news
nunc
now
numquam
never
numerus -ī m.
number, amount
nūmen -inis n.
divine will, deity
num
interrogative particle implying negative answer
nūllus -a -um
not any, no one
nūdus -a -um
naked, bare
nox noctis f.
night
novus -a -um
new
nihil, nīl
nothing; not at all
pōnō pōnere posuī positum
put, place; put aside
perveniō -venīre -vēnī -ventum
arrive, reach
pertineō -tinēre -tinuī
extend over, reach; refer to, pertain to, be the business of
perpetuus -a -um
unbroken, perpetual
permittō -mittere -mīsī -missum
yield, allow, permit
perīculum -ī n.
danger
pergō pergere perrēxī perrēctum
continue, proceed; awaken
pereō -īre -iī -itum
perish, be lost
perdō -dere -didī -ditum
destroy
per
through (+acc.)
pendō pendere pependī pēnsum
weigh, hang, suspend; pay
pēs pedis m.
foot
petō petere petīvī petītum
seek, aim at
pondus ponderis n.
weight
poēta -ae m.
poet
poena -ae f.
penalty, punishment
plērus- plēra- plērumque
the greater part, very many, most, the majority
plērumque
generally
plēnus -a -um
full
plēbs plēbis f.
the common people
placeō placēre placuī placitum
please
pius -a -um
dutiful, devoted, just, pious
pietās -tātis f.
sense of duty, devotion, esp. between parents and children
pellō pellere pepulī pulsum
strike, beat, push, drive
pecus -oris n.
cattle, sheep
pars partis f.
part
parō -āre
prepare, acquire; parātus -a -um, ready
pariō parere peperī partum
bring forth, give birth to; accomplish
pāreō pārēre pāruī
obey
parēns -ntis m./f.
parent
parcō parcere pepercī parsum
spare, be sparing of (+ dat.)
pār paris
equal
paene
almost
ōtium -ī n.
leisure
ostendō ostendere ostendī ostentum
show, hold out
parum
too little
parvus -a -um
small
pateō patēre patuī
lie open, extend; be evident or obvious
pecūnia -ae f.
money
pectus -oris n.
chest, breast
peccō -āre
commit a wrong, injure
pāx pācis f.
peace
pauper -eris
poor, lowly
paulō, paulum
to only a small extent, slightly, a little
paucī -ae -a
few
patria -ae f.
fatherland, country
patior patī passus sum
permit, endure
pater patris m.
father, ancestor
modo
just, just now; modo … modo: now … now, at one moment … at another, sometimes … sometimes
mittō mittere mīsī missum
send, let go
miser misera miserum
wretched, pitiable
misceō miscēre miscuī mixtum
mix
mīror mīrārī mīrātus sum
wonder at, marvel at (+ acc.)
mīlle (pl.) mīlia
thousand
modus -ī m.
measure, manner, kind
moenia -ium n. pl.
walls, fortifications
mollis -e
soft, yielding, gentle
moneō monēre monuī monitum
warn, advise
mōns montis m.
mountain
mora -ae f.
delay, hindrance
morbus -ī m.
sickness, disease
morior morī mortuus sum
die
moror morārī morātus sum
delay
mīles -itis m.
soldier
meus -a -um
my
metus -ūs m.
fear, dread
maneō manēre mānsī mānsum
remain
manus -ūs f.
hand; band of men
mare -is n.
sea
marītus -ī m.
husband
māter mātris f.
mother
māteria -ae f.
material, subject matter; timber, lumber
medius -a -um
middle, central
membrum -ī m.
limb, member of the body
meminī meminisse
remember, recollect
memoria -ae f.
recollection, memory
mēns mentis f.
mind
mēnsa -ae f.
table
mereō merēre meruī meritum
deserve, merit; serve as a soldier
metuō metuere metuī
to fear, to dread
malus -a -um
bad, evil
mors mortis f.
death
nāvis -is f.
ship
ne (enclitic)
interrogative particle attached to the emphatic word in a question
nē
lest, that not
nec
and not, nor; nec … nec, neither … nor; → neque
necesse (indecl. adj.)
necessary
necessitās -tātis f.
necessity, need
nefās
impiety, wickedness
negō -āre
deny, refuse
negōtium -ī n.
business
nēmō
no one (gen. nūllīus, dat. nūllī, abl. nūllō or nūllā → nūllus -a -um)
nemus nemoris n.
grove, forest
neque
and not, nor; neque … neque, neither … nor; → nec
nesciō -scīre
not know, be ignorant
nisi, nī
if not, unless
nātus -ī m.
son
nātūra -ae f.
nature
nāscor nāscī nātus sum
be born
mortālis -e
liable to death, mortal
mōs mōris m.
custom, habit; (pl.) character
moveō -ēre mōvī mōtum
move
mox
soon
mulier -eris f.
woman
multitūdō -inis f.
multitude, number
multus -a -um
much, many; multō, by far
mundus -a -um
clean, neat, elegant
mundus -ī m.
world, universe, heavens
mūnus mūneris n.
gift, offering; duty, obligation; (pl.) gladiatorial show
mūrus -ī m.
wall
mūtō -āre
change
nam or namque
for, indeed, really
narrō -āre
relate, recount
niger nigra nigrum
black
mālō mālle māluī
prefer
legō legere lēgī lēctum
gather, choose, read
