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IR > Latin America > Flashcards

Latin America Flashcards

1
Q

Monroe Doctrine of 1823

A

Western hemisphere should be under US control only, other countries stay out

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2
Q

Outcomes of the Spanish-American War

A

US defeats Spanish army in Cuba and Philippeans

US secures Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippeans

Realization of the need for a canal

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3
Q

Theodore Roosevelt’s impact (gunboat diplomacy)

A

Encourages “rebellion” in Panama to gain control back from Colombia

Allows construction of the Panama canal in 1904

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4
Q

Woodrow Wilson’s impact (missionary diplomacy)

A

intervenes in region for political, not economic interest

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5
Q

Dollar Diplomacy

A

US establishes business ties in Latin America and controls natural resources

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6
Q

United Fruit Company

A

controlled the majority of the land in Guatemala

peasants kicked off land and forced to work

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7
Q

How did the Cold War affect Latin America relations?

A

US was determined to stop the spread of Communism

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8
Q

Jacob Arbenz

A

first democratically elected president in Guatemala

gives peasants their land back from United Fruit Company, angering the US

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9
Q

President Eisenhower

A

accused Jacob Arbenz of being a communist and orders CIA to remove him, causes Guatemalan civil war

places trade embargo on Cuba after Castro takes over

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10
Q

Bay of Pigs

A

failed operation implemented by Pres Kennedy

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11
Q

Project Mongoose

A

implemented by John and Robert Kennedy to attempt to assassinate Castro

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12
Q

When did the Cuban Missile Crisis begin?

A

Oct 1962

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13
Q

Salvador Allende

A

socialist elected president of Chile, disliked by Nixon’s gov’t

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14
Q

Sept. 11, 1973 in Chile

A

Augusto Pinochet launches coup against Allende

Allende murdered, Pinochet destroys political opposition and rules until 1990

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15
Q

Anastasio Somoza

A

dictator of Nicaragua during the earthquake, pocketed the relief money

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16
Q

President Carter’s impact

A

emphasis on human rights in the region and limits aid to Somoza

17
Q

What happened in July 1979 in Nicaragua?

A

Sandanistas come to power, Somozas flee and evolve into the Contras

18
Q

Ronald Reagan’s impact

A

supports Contras to defeat communism/USSR

19
Q

Boland Amendment (1983)

A

outlawed funding to Contras

20
Q

Iran-Contra Scandal (1987)

A

Reagan’s administration selling weapons to Iraq and Iran secretly, using that profit to fund Contras

21
Q

Allen Dulles

A

main influence to Eisenhower, wanted to take down Jacob Arbenz

22
Q

Carlos Casillo Armas

A

lead coup against Arbenz in Guatemala

23
Q

Sen. William Fulbright

A

moral compass for JFK during Bay of Pigs

very against the operation

24
Q

Nikita Khrushev

A

USSR leader, wanted influence in the west

supplied aid to Cuba to protect it from US invasion

25
Q

Ex-Comm

A

special committee appointed by Pres. Kennedy to give trusted advice

26
Q

Anatoly Dobrynin

A

Soviet Ambassador to the US

negotiated deal with the Cuban Missile Crisis

27
Q

Panama Canal Treaty (1978)

A

gave Panama Canal over to the canal zone and out of US control

passed by Carter

28
Q

Grenada Intervention (1983)

A

Reagan sent 1,900 marines to remove General Austin, head of a communist military council

29
Q

Falkland Islands War (1982)

A

US supports British in defeating Argentina who had captured the islands

30
Q

Contras

A

Nicaraguan counter-revolutionary group trained by the CIA to fight the Sandanista government

lots of support from Reagan

31
Q

Roberto d’Abusson

A

ran against Jose Naploeon Duarte for president of El Salvador but lost

not supported by US b/c he was a leader of death squads

32
Q

Manuel Noreiga

A

elected president of Panama
led attacks against the Us in 1989
Pres. Bush wanted him to be overthrown

33
Q

Violetta Chamorro

A

president of Nicaragua

finally took power over Chamorro

supported financially by Bush

34
Q

Results of War for Independence

A

reconcentration camps

Spanish-American War

US influences Cuba’s foreign affairs

35
Q

Agrarian Reform Act

A

limited size of land holdings to national standards

36
Q

Positive changes in Cuba during the 1980’s

A

access to basic goods and services

universal health care

free education

37
Q

negative changes in Cuba during the 1980’s

A

reliance on sugar

dependent on USSR

political repression

38
Q

major economic changes during the Special Period

A

increase in tourism

adapted the US dollar

free trade zones

foreign firms can invest in Cuba

39
Q

How has Raul Castro reformed Cuba?

A

increase gov’t. efficiency by cutting jobs

legalized private business and private goods

IR (3 decks)

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