Latin America

Question 1

Monroe Doctrine of 1823

Answer 1

Western hemisphere should be under US control only, other countries stay out

Question 2

Outcomes of the Spanish-American War

Answer 2

US defeats Spanish army in Cuba and Philippeans

US secures Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippeans

Realization of the need for a canal

Question 3

Theodore Roosevelt’s impact (gunboat diplomacy)

Answer 3

Encourages “rebellion” in Panama to gain control back from Colombia

Allows construction of the Panama canal in 1904

Question 4

Woodrow Wilson’s impact (missionary diplomacy)

Answer 4

intervenes in region for political, not economic interest

Question 5

Dollar Diplomacy

Answer 5

US establishes business ties in Latin America and controls natural resources

Question 6

United Fruit Company

Answer 6

controlled the majority of the land in Guatemala

peasants kicked off land and forced to work

Question 7

How did the Cold War affect Latin America relations?

Answer 7

US was determined to stop the spread of Communism

Question 8

Jacob Arbenz

Answer 8

first democratically elected president in Guatemala

gives peasants their land back from United Fruit Company, angering the US

Question 9

President Eisenhower

Answer 9

accused Jacob Arbenz of being a communist and orders CIA to remove him, causes Guatemalan civil war

places trade embargo on Cuba after Castro takes over

Question 10

Bay of Pigs

Answer 10

failed operation implemented by Pres Kennedy

Question 11

Project Mongoose

Answer 11

implemented by John and Robert Kennedy to attempt to assassinate Castro

Question 12

When did the Cuban Missile Crisis begin?

Answer 12

Oct 1962

Question 13

Salvador Allende

Answer 13

socialist elected president of Chile, disliked by Nixon’s gov’t

Question 14

Sept. 11, 1973 in Chile

Answer 14

Augusto Pinochet launches coup against Allende

Allende murdered, Pinochet destroys political opposition and rules until 1990

Question 15

Anastasio Somoza

Answer 15

dictator of Nicaragua during the earthquake, pocketed the relief money

Question 16

President Carter’s impact

Answer 16

emphasis on human rights in the region and limits aid to Somoza

Question 17

What happened in July 1979 in Nicaragua?

Answer 17

Sandanistas come to power, Somozas flee and evolve into the Contras

Question 18

Ronald Reagan’s impact

Answer 18

supports Contras to defeat communism/USSR

Question 19

Boland Amendment (1983)

Answer 19

outlawed funding to Contras

Question 20

Iran-Contra Scandal (1987)

Answer 20

Reagan’s administration selling weapons to Iraq and Iran secretly, using that profit to fund Contras

Question 21

Allen Dulles

Answer 21

main influence to Eisenhower, wanted to take down Jacob Arbenz

Question 22

Carlos Casillo Armas

Answer 22

lead coup against Arbenz in Guatemala

Question 23

Sen. William Fulbright

Answer 23

moral compass for JFK during Bay of Pigs

very against the operation

Question 24

Nikita Khrushev

Answer 24

USSR leader, wanted influence in the west

supplied aid to Cuba to protect it from US invasion

Question 25

Ex-Comm

Answer 25

special committee appointed by Pres. Kennedy to give trusted advice

Question 26

Anatoly Dobrynin

Answer 26

Soviet Ambassador to the US negotiated deal with the Cuban Missile Crisis

Question 27

Panama Canal Treaty (1978)

Answer 27

gave Panama Canal over to the canal zone and out of US control passed by Carter

Question 28

Grenada Intervention (1983)

Answer 28

Reagan sent 1,900 marines to remove General Austin, head of a communist military council

Question 29

Falkland Islands War (1982)

Answer 29

US supports British in defeating Argentina who had captured the islands

Question 30

Contras

Answer 30

Nicaraguan counter-revolutionary group trained by the CIA to fight the Sandanista government lots of support from Reagan

Question 31

Roberto d'Abusson

Answer 31

ran against Jose Naploeon Duarte for president of El Salvador but lost not supported by US b/c he was a leader of death squads

Question 32

Manuel Noreiga

Answer 32

elected president of Panama led attacks against the Us in 1989 Pres. Bush wanted him to be overthrown

Question 33

Violetta Chamorro

Answer 33

president of Nicaragua finally took power over Chamorro supported financially by Bush

Question 34

Results of War for Independence

Answer 34

reconcentration camps Spanish-American War US influences Cuba's foreign affairs

Question 35

Agrarian Reform Act

Answer 35

limited size of land holdings to national standards

Question 36

Positive changes in Cuba during the 1980's

Answer 36

access to basic goods and services universal health care free education

Question 37

negative changes in Cuba during the 1980's

Answer 37

reliance on sugar dependent on USSR political repression

Question 38

major economic changes during the Special Period

Answer 38

increase in tourism adapted the US dollar free trade zones foreign firms can invest in Cuba

Question 39

How has Raul Castro reformed Cuba?

Answer 39

increase gov't. efficiency by cutting jobs legalized private business and private goods