Later National Movement Flashcards
1
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2
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3
Q
The Government of India Act 1935 provided for the establishment of what structure based on British provinces and Princely States?
A
An All India Federation.
4
Q
Under the GoI Act 1935, which two subjects were ‘Reserved’ under the direct control of the Governor-General at the federal level?
A
Defence and Foreign Affairs.
5
Q
Did the All India Federation proposed by the GoI Act 1935 ever come into effect?
A
No, due to opposition from the rulers of the princely states.
6
Q
The Government of India Act 1919 was based on which reforms?
A
Montagu-Chelmsford (Montford) Reforms.
7
Q
What system of provincial government, involving Reserved and Transferred subjects, was introduced by the GoI Act 1919?
A
Dyarchy.
8
Q
Under Dyarchy (1919 Act), give examples of ‘Reserved’ subjects controlled directly by the Governor.
A
Land revenue administration, famine relief, irrigation, justice, law and order, newspapers, borrowing, forests etc.
9
Q
Under Dyarchy (1919 Act), give examples of ‘Transferred’ subjects controlled by Ministers responsible to the legislature.
A
Education, public health & sanitation, public works, agriculture, fisheries, religious endowments, local self-governments, medical services etc.
10
Q
Which revolutionary organization was founded in Kanpur (1924) by Ramprasad Bismil, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, and Sachin Sanyal?
A
Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), later HSRA.
11
Q
Which revolutionary group was founded in Calcutta (1902) by Promotha Mitter, including figures like Barindra Kumar Ghosh?
A
Anushilan Samiti.
12
Q
Which nationalist leader was involved in the Delhi Conspiracy Case, Ghadar movement, and founded the Indian Independence League in Japan?
A
Rash Behari Bose.
13
Q
What was the main purpose of the Cripps Mission sent to India in March 1942?
A
To secure full Indian cooperation and support for the British effort in World War II.
14
Q
Who led the Cripps Mission?
A
Sir Stafford Cripps.
15
Q
What status did the Cripps Mission propose for the post-war Indian Union?
A
Dominion status, free to decide its relations with the Commonwealth.
16
Q
How was the post-war Constituent Assembly proposed by the Cripps Mission to be formed?
A
Partly elected by provincial assemblies (proportional representation), partly nominated by princes.
17
Q
What condition allowed provinces to opt out of the Indian Union proposed by the Cripps Mission?
A
Any province unwilling to join could have a separate constitution and form a separate Union.
18
Q
During the war, under the Cripps proposals, who would retain control of India’s defence?
A
The British.
19
Q
Rabindranath Tagore translated ‘Jana Gana Mana’ into English as ‘Morning Song of India’ while staying at which college in 1919?
A
Theosophical College, Madanapalle (Andhra Pradesh).
20
Q
Who set the tune for ‘Jana Gana Mana’?
A
Margaret Cousins (wife of college principal James H. Cousins).
21
Q
Did the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms (1919) grant universal adult suffrage to women over 21?
A
No, it recommended limited voting rights for women based on property, taxation, or education.
22
Q
Which Act first granted women reserved seats in the legislature in British India?
A
Government of India Act of 1935.
23
Q
On what date was the Quit India resolution passed by the AICC in Bombay?
A
August 8, 1942.
24
Q
What famous call did Mahatma Gandhi give when launching the Quit India movement?
A
‘Do or Die’.
25
What was 'Songs from Prison'?
Translations of Sanskrit hymns/lyrics made by M.K. Gandhi during imprisonment in Yeravda Prison (1930).
26
Who prepared Gandhi's 'Songs from Prison' translations for publication in the West?
John Hoyland.
27
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28
Who was the secretary of the Bethune School (established 1849) and a pioneer of higher education for women in India?
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.
29
Name the three INA officers whose trial at the Red Fort in 1945 became a major nationalist cause.
Prem Kumar Sehgal, Shah Nawaz Khan, and Gurubaksh Singh Dhillon.
30
Which prominent Congress leader was part of the defence team for the INA officers?
Jawaharlal Nehru.
31
According to Karl Marx's theory of historical materialism, what is the final stage of societal development?
Global, stateless communism.
32
Did Mahatma Gandhi favour the parliamentary system of governance?
No, he had very little respect for it and feared it could lead to domination by leaders.
33
What was Gandhi's ideal state, Ramrajya, envisioned as?
A stateless society without need for representative government, constitution, army, or police.
34
What organization, later renamed Harijan Sewak Sangh, did Mahatma Gandhi found in 1932 to campaign against untouchability?
All India Anti-Untouchability League.
35
Who was the founding president and secretary, respectively, of the Harijan Sewak Sangh?
President: Ghanshyam Das Birla; Secretary: Amritlal Takkar.
36
Who founded the All-India Kisan Sabha in Lucknow (1936) to represent peasant interests?
Swami Sahajanand Saraswati.
37
Who was the first general secretary of the All-India Kisan Sabha?
N.G. Ranga.
38
Which anti-Brahmanical movement, started in Tamil Nadu (1925), was led by E. V. Ramasamy Naicker (Periyar)?
Self-Respect Movement.
39
The £3 tax on indentured emigrants to Natal was abolished as part of which settlement in 1914?
Smuts-Gandhi settlement.
40
Which Indian leader moved resolutions in the Imperial Legislative Council (1916, 1917) for the abolition of the indenture system?
Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya.
41
Agitation led by whom ultimately resulted in the abolition of the Indentured Labour system in 1917?
Mahatma Gandhi.
42
Did Gandhi agree to support the British WWI effort and army enlistment when invited to a war conference by Lord Chelmsford?
Yes.
43
When was the Congress declared illegal and Gandhi arrested during the Civil Disobedience Movement?
May 5, 1930 (after the breaking of the Salt Law).
44
Which political party was formed by Moderate leaders like S.N. Banerjea, T.B. Sapru, V.S.S. Sastri, and M.R. Jayakar after the Montagu report split Congress?
Indian National Liberal Federation (1919).
45
Who served as the chairman of the first Finance Commission of India and was a member of the Constituent Assembly?
K.C. Neogy.
46
Who was the general secretary of the Communist Party of India (CPI) from 1935 to 1947?
Puran Chand Joshi (P.C. Joshi).
47
Mahatma Gandhi led his first civil disobedience movement in India at which place in 1917?
Champaran.
48
The Champaran Satyagraha was against which system that forced tenants to plant indigo?
Tinkathia system (3/20th of land).
49
Name some important leaders associated with the Champaran Satyagraha besides Gandhi.
Brajkishore Prasad, Rajendra Prasad, Anugrah Narayan Sinha, Ramnavmi Prasad, Mazhar-ul-Haq, J.B. Kripalani.
50
Which nationalist leader wrote biographies of Mazzini, Garibaldi, Shivaji, and Shri Krishna?
Lala Lajpat Rai.
51
Lala Lajpat Rai founded which organization in New York in 1917?
Home Rule League of America.
52
Lala Lajpat Rai was elected President of which major labour organization?
All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC).
53
Which society did Lala Lajpat Rai found in 1921?
Servants of People Society.
54
Who launched the two main Home Rule Leagues in India in 1916?
Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant.
55
What were the demands included in Tilak's Home Rule League programme?
Swarajya, formation of linguistic states, education in the vernacular.
56
What happened to the All India Home Rule League in 1920 after Gandhi became its president?
Renamed Swarajya Sabha, later merged with the Indian National Congress.
57
Dinabandhu Mitra's play Nil Darpan (1858-59) depicted the oppression of peasants during which specific agitation/revolt?
Indigo Revolt (Neel Bidroho).
58
Who was the first Indian to pass the Indian Civil Services Examination (1863)?
Satyendranath Tagore.
59
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay's novel Anandmath (1882) is loosely based on which rebellion?
Sannyasi Rebellion.
60
What was the principal objective of the Trade Disputes Act of 1929?
To provide conciliation machinery for peaceful settlement of industrial disputes.
61
Did the Trade Disputes Act of 1929 permit strikes in public utility services without notice?
No, it prohibited them and made such strikes illegal and punishable.
62
What committee was set up in 1927 to examine the relationship between the princely states and the British government?
Butler Committee.
63
Did the Butler Committee clearly define 'Paramountcy'?
No, it recommended Paramountcy remain supreme but left it undefined.
64
What recommendation did the Butler Committee make regarding handing over princely states to a future Indian government?
States should not be handed over without their consent to an Indian government responsible to an Indian legislature.
65
Place these events in chronological order: Quit India Resolution, RIN Mutiny, Second Round Table Conference.
1. Second Round Table Conference (1931) -> 2. Quit India Resolution (1942) -> 3. RIN Mutiny (1946).
66
Who was the sole representative of the Indian National Congress at the Second Round Table Conference (1931)?
Mahatma Gandhi.
67
What were some key demands/resolutions of the Quit India Movement (1942)?
Immediate end to British rule, free India to defend against Fascism/imperialism, form provisional govt post-withdrawal, sanction civil disobedience.
68
What were the main grievances that led to the Royal Indian Navy (RIN) Mutiny in 1946?
Racial discrimination (pay), unpalatable food, abuse by officers, arrest of rating, INA trials, use of troops in Indonesia.
69
The Montagu-Chelmsford Proposals formed the basis for which subsequent Government of India Act and ultimately the Constitution?
Government of India Act 1935; Constitution of India.
70
The Montagu-Chelmsford Report introduced which key principles into India's constitutional development?
Responsible government, self-governance, federal structure.
71
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72
Which three British cabinet members formed the high-powered Cabinet Mission sent to India in 1946?
Pethick Lawrence (Secretary of State for India), Stafford Cripps (President, Board of Trade), A.V. Alexander (First Lord of Admiralty).
73
Did the Cabinet Mission (1946) accept the demand for a full-fledged Pakistan?
No, it rejected the demand.
74
What three-tier structure did the Cabinet Mission recommend for the executive and legislature?
Provincial, section, and union levels.
75
How was the Constituent Assembly proposed by the Cabinet Mission to be formed?
Elected by provincial assemblies.
76
What did the Cabinet Mission propose regarding the paramountcy of the British government over princely states?
Princely states were no longer to be under British paramountcy.
77
The Rowlatt Act (1919) was passed on the recommendations of which committee?
Rowlatt Committee (Sedition Committee).
78
Gandhiji called for a Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act in which year?
1919
79
Which existing organisation did Gandhiji try to utilize during the Rowlatt Satyagraha?
Home Rule League.
80
The Congress Socialist Party (CSP), formed in 1934, advocated what form of socialism?
Decentralised socialism (power held by cooperatives, unions, farmers, local authorities).
81
Did the CSP advocate boycotting British goods, tax evasion, dictatorship of the proletariat, or separate electorates?
No.
82
Which Act introduced Dyarchy at the provincial level and classified subjects into Reserved and Transferred?
Government of India Act 1919.
83
The Government of India Act 1919 introduced a bicameral legislature at the Centre. What was the lower house called?
Central Legislative Assembly.
84
Under the GoI Act 1919, what percentage of the central budget was still non-votable by the legislature?
0.75
85
Who led the Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha March on the Tanjore Coast in April 1930?
C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji).
86
C. Rajagopalachari was involved in which Satyagraha movement focused on temple entry rights?
Vaikkom Satyagraha.
87
What was the C.R. Formula proposed by Rajagopalachari?
A proposal for Congress-Muslim League cooperation, involving tacit acceptance of the Pakistan demand under certain conditions.
88
Who was India's last Governor-General?
C. Rajagopalachari.
89
Who was the first woman President of the Indian National Congress (1917, Calcutta)?
Annie Besant.
90
Who was the first Indian woman President of the INC (1925) and known as the 'Nightingale of India'?
Sarojini Naidu.
91
Who was the first Muslim president of the INC (1887, Madras)?
Badruddin Tyabji.
92
Badruddin Tyabji, Dadabhai Naoroji, and W.C. Bonnerjee founded which committee in England in 1893?
Indian Parliamentary Committee.
93
The Partition of Bengal (1905) was officially revoked by King George V at which event in 1911?
The Royal Darbar in Delhi (Delhi Durbar).
94
What other major administrative change was announced at the Delhi Durbar of 1911?
Shifting of the Imperial Capital from Calcutta to Delhi.
95
The Lahore Congress Session of 1929, presided over by Nehru, is significant for adopting which goal?
'Purna Swaraj' (complete independence).
96
The Ghadar Party, formed in 1913 with HQ in San Francisco, aimed to achieve India's independence through what means?
Organizing assassinations, publishing revolutionary literature, working with Indian troops abroad, sparking revolt in colonies.
97
Name the key leaders associated with the Ghadar Party.
Lala Hardayal, Sohan Singh Bhakna, Kartar Singh Sarabha, Rash Behari Bose.
98
Which committee, chaired by Sir Cyril Radcliffe, was appointed in 1947 to delimit boundaries between India and Pakistan?
Radcliffe Committee.
99
The Tebhaga movement (1946-47) in Bengal demanded reduction of the landlord's share of the harvest to what fraction?
One-third (from the existing one-half).
100
The Tebhaga movement had the support of which two organizations?
All India Kisan Sabha and the Communist Party of India (CPI).
101
Why was the Simon Commission (1927) boycotted by all political groups in India?
It had no Indian representative.
102
The Quit India movement was launched in August 1942 after the failure of which British mission?
Cripps Mission.
103
Who presided over the INC Session in Calcutta (1917)?
Annie Besant.
104
Who founded the Theosophical Society in New York (1875)?
Madame H.P. Blavatsky and Colonel M.S. Olcott.
105
The Rowlatt Act (1919) effectively suspended which fundamental legal right?
Habeas Corpus.
106
Was the rift between Moderates and Extremists resolved at the Lahore Congress Session (1929)?
No (It was resolved at Lucknow, 1916).
107
Did the Government of India Act 1919 introduce separate electorates for Muslims?
No (That was introduced in the Act of 1909).
108
Who was India's first Minister of Law and Justice and Chairman of the Constitution Drafting Committee?
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
109
Which organization did Dr. Ambedkar establish to promote education and socio-economic upliftment of untouchables?
Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha.
110
Which two political parties did Dr. Ambedkar found?
Independent Labour Party (1936) and Scheduled Castes Federation (1942).
111
The distribution of powers between Centre and States in the Indian Constitution is largely based on the scheme from which Act?
Government of India Act, 1935.
112
Why did Congress ministries resign in 1939?
In protest against Viceroy Linlithgow declaring India at war (WWII) without consultation.
113
Which British Prime Minister announced the Communal Award in 1932?
Ramsay Macdonald.
114
What did the Communal Award propose regarding representation for "Depressed Classes"?
Reservation of seats (similar to Muslims).
115
How did Mahatma Gandhi react to the Communal Award?
Declared a fast unto death against it.
116
During the Quit India movement, after the leaders were arrested, who primarily led the movement?
The masses (including workers, peasants of all strata, some zamindars).
117
Did the Quit India movement involve attacks on symbols of authority or anti-zamindar violence?
Attacks on symbols of authority occurred, but there was a complete absence of anti-zamindar violence according to the source.
118
The Kheda Satyagraha, led by Gandhi, demanded the cancellation (remission) of land revenue due to what reason?
Drought leading to very low production.
119
Which book by John Ruskin profoundly influenced Mahatma Gandhi, leading him to formulate the concept of Sarvodaya?
Unto This Last.
120
What does 'Sarvodaya', the title Gandhi gave to his paraphrase of Ruskin's book, mean?
The Welfare of All.
121
Who organized the secret 'Congress Radio', an underground station during the Quit India Movement?
Usha Mehta.
122
Did the Nehru Report (1928) demand Complete Independence or Dominion Status?
Dominion Status.
123
Did the Nehru Report recommend separate or joint electorates?
Joint electorates, with reservations for Muslims in certain areas.
124
What was the title of C. Rajagopalachari's 1944 pamphlet proposing a formula for Congress-League cooperation?
"The Way Out".
125
What were the main points of the C.R. Formula?
League endorses independence demand & cooperates in provisional govt; post-war plebiscite in Muslim-majority areas; joint agreement if partitioned.
126
Why did the C.R. Formula fail?
Jinnah insisted on Congress accepting the Two-Nation theory, wanted only Muslims to vote in plebiscite, and opposed a common centre.
127
128
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129
Why did the C.R. Formula fail, according to the text?
The Muslim League was only interested in a separate nation, not the independence of the Union.
130
Champaran Satyagraha (1917) is considered the first instance of which type of movement led by Gandhi in India?
Civil Disobedience.
131
Who requested Gandhi to investigate the indigo planters' problems in Champaran?
Rajkumar Shukla.
132
What was the 'Tinkathia system' opposed during the Champaran Satyagraha?
European planters forcing peasants to grow indigo on 3/20th of their land.
133
Name key colleagues of Gandhi during the Champaran investigation.
Rajendra Prasad, Mazhar-ul-Haq, Mahadeo Desai, Narhari Parekh, J.B. Kripalani.
134
Which British Prime Minister sent the Cripps Mission to India in 1942?
Winston Churchill.
135
Stafford Cripps, head of the Cripps Mission, belonged to which political ideology and group within the British government?
Left-wing Labourite, member of the British War Cabinet.
136
Did the Cripps Mission propose full independence or dominion status for the post-war Indian Union?
Dominion status.
137
The Dandi March (March 12 - April 6, 1930) marked the launch of which major movement?
Civil Disobedience Movement.
138
How many members accompanied Gandhi on the Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram?
Seventy-eight.
139
How was the post-war Constituent Assembly proposed by the Cripps Mission to be formed?
Partly elected by provincial assemblies (proportional representation), partly nominated by princes.
140
What condition allowed provinces to opt out of the Indian Union proposed by the Cripps Mission?
Any province unwilling to join could have a separate constitution and form a separate Union.
141
After the arrest of main leaders during the Quit India Movement, who were some key figures involved in underground activities?
Rammanohar Lohia, Jayaprakash Narayan, Aruna Asaf Ali, Usha Mehta, Biju Patnaik, Achyut Patwardhan, Sucheta Kripalani etc.
142
Which woman freedom fighter, known as the 'Grand Old Lady of the Independence Movement', hoisted the flag at Gowalia Tank Maidan during Quit India?
Aruna Asaf Ali.
143
Was the Indian National Congress represented at the Third Round Table Conference (1932)?
No.
144
The recommendations of the Third Round Table Conference were published in a White Paper (1933) and led to the formulation of which Act?
Government of India Act of 1935.
145
The Government of India Act of 1935 contemplated the establishment of what type of federation?
An All-India Federation including Governors' Provinces, Chief Commissioners' Provinces, and acceding Indian (Princely) states.
146
The Quit India Movement is also known by what other name?
August Kranti Movement.
147
What famous call did Mahatma Gandhi give in his speech launching the Quit India Movement?
'Do or die'.
148
Who sought Gandhi's help during the Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918) against the mill owners (led by her brother Ambalal Sarabhai)?
Anusuya Sarabhai.
149
What association was formed by Gandhi and Anusuya Sarabhai during the Ahmedabad Mill Strike?
Ahmedabad Textile Labour Association.
150
The Shimla Conference of 1945, convened by Lord Wavell, is also known by what name?
Wavell Plan.
151
What did the Wavell Plan propose regarding the Viceroy's Executive Council?
Reconstitution with all portfolios, including War Members, held by the Indian leaders.
152
J.B. Kripalani earned the moniker 'Acharya' while teaching at which institution founded by Mahatma Gandhi?
Gujarat Vidyapith.
153
Which INC session (1929) declared 'Purna Swaraj' as its goal?
Lahore Session (presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru).
154
What were the major decisions taken at the Lahore Congress session (1929)?
Boycott Round Table Conference, declare complete independence as aim, fix Jan 26, 1930 as first Independence Day.
155
The Ghadar Party, established in 1913, had its headquarters where?
San Francisco (North America).
156
What were the main methods outlined in the Ghadar programme?
Organize assassinations, publish revolutionary literature, work among Indian troops abroad, bring about simultaneous revolt in all British colonies.
157
The Ghadar Party's plans for revolt in India were encouraged by which two events in 1914?
The Komagata Maru incident and the outbreak of the First World War.
158
Why did the Shimla Conference (1945) fail?
Congress refused "Caste Hindu" label; Muslim League claimed sole right to choose Muslim members & demanded communal veto.
159
The Indian Navy Revolt (RIN Mutiny) took place on what date in 1946?
February 18, 1946.
160
The RIN ratings of which ship initiated the strike in Bombay?
HMIS Talwar.
161
What were the main demands/grievances of the RIN ratings during the 1946 mutiny?
Against racial discrimination (pay), bad food, abuse, rating's arrest, INA trials, use of Indian troops in Indonesia.
162
Who were the key leaders associated with the Kheda Satyagraha (1918)?
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Narahari Parikh, Mohanlal Pandya, Ravi Shankar Vyas (along with Gandhi).
163
The Kheda Satyagraha is also considered the first instance of which type of movement led by Gandhi?
Non-Cooperation.
164
165
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166
Who were the founders of the United Provinces (U.P.) Kisan Sabha in February 1918?
Gauri Shankar Mishra and Indra Narayan Dwivedi.
167
Which prominent leader supported the efforts of the U.P. Kisan Sabha?
Madan Mohan Malaviya.
168
Was Jawaharlal Nehru associated with the formation of the U.P. Kisan Sabha in 1918?
No, although he later came into contact with it through Baba Ramchandra.
169
Who drafted the resolution on Fundamental Rights for the Karachi Session of Congress in 1931?
Jawaharlal Nehru.
170
What were some key rights guaranteed in the Fundamental Rights resolution at the Karachi Congress (1931)?
Free speech/press, association, assembly, universal adult franchise, equal legal rights, state religious neutrality, free primary education, minority protection.
171
Which INC session authorized the Congress Working Committee to launch the Civil Disobedience programme?
Lahore Session (December 1929).
172
What instructions did Gandhi give to government servants during the Quit India Movement?
Do not resign, but declare allegiance to Congress.
173
What instructions did Gandhi give to soldiers during the Quit India Movement?
Do not leave posts, but do not fire on compatriots.
174
What instructions did Gandhi give to Princes of princely states during the Quit India Movement?
Support the masses and accept the sovereignty of their people.
175
Whose idea was it originally to create the Indian National Army (INA) from Indian prisoners of war handed over by the Japanese?
Mohan Singh.
176
Who took over the leadership of the INA in its second phase, arriving in Singapore?
Subhas Chandra Bose.
177
What was the name of the women's regiment formed within the INA?
Rani Jhansi Regiment.
178
Which political platform did Subhas Chandra Bose form within the Congress after resigning as President in 1939?
Forward Bloc.
179
Place these events in chronological order: Dandi March, Chauri-Chaura Outrage, Minto-Morley Reforms, Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms.
1. Minto-Morley Reforms (1909) -> 2. Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (1919) -> 3. Chauri-Chaura Outrage (1922) -> 4. Dandi March (1930).
180
Who renounced his knighthood in protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919)?
Rabindranath Tagore.
181
Which title, bestowed for his work during the Boer War, did Gandhi give up in protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
Kaiser-i-Hind.
182
The uniqueness of the Government of India Act 1919 lay in its introduction of what system of government at the provincial level?
Dyarchy (double/split government).
183
Who moved the resolution for 'complete independence free from all foreign control' at the Ahmedabad Congress session in 1921?
Maulana Hasrat Mohani.
184
Were the members of the Constituent Assembly elected on the basis of universal franchise?
No, they were chosen by the Provincial Legislatures elected in 1945-46.
185
Who was the temporary president at the first meeting of the Constituent Assembly (Dec 9, 1946)?
Dr. Sachchidanand Sinha.
186
Who were elected President and Vice-President, respectively, of the Constituent Assembly?
President: Dr. Rajendra Prasad; Vice-President: H.C. Mukherjee.
187
Did Maulana Mohammad Ali and Abul Kalam Azad resign from the Legislative Council in protest against the Rowlatt Act in 1919 or 1916?
1919
188
The Rowlatt Bills were also known by what name?
"Black Bills".
189
When was the interim government of India formed from the newly elected Constituent Assembly?
September 2, 1946.
190
Who headed the council of the interim government formed in 1946?
Jawaharlal Nehru.
191
The Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) was led by Sardar Patel against what issue?
Unjust raising of taxes.
192
What was the Whitley Commission (1931-33) also known as?
Royal Commission on Labour.
193
The recommendations of the Whitley Commission led to the enactment of which Act in 1936?
Payment of Wages Act, 1936.
194
Which INC session endorsed the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931)?
Karachi Session (1931).
195
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196
The Karachi Congress Session (1931) was conducted shortly after the execution of Bhagat Singh and associates in connection with which case?
Lahore Conspiracy Case (text incorrectly states Kakori Conspiracy case).
197
Which political party did Moderate leaders like S.N. Banerjea, T.B. Sapru, and M.R. Jayakar form in 1919 after splitting from Congress?
Indian National Liberal Federation (INLF).
198
Which socio-political organization submitted a petition in 1875 demanding direct Indian representation in the British Parliament?
Poona Sarvajanik Sabha.
199
Who played a major part in the formation of the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha?
Mahadev Govind Ranade (M.G. Ranade).
200
What was the British intention behind including princely states in the Federal Union proposed by the GoI Act 1935?
To use the princes to counter-balance the anti-imperialist doctrines of the nationalist leaders.
201
Why did the Federation of India proposed by the GoI Act 1935 never come into operation?
Due to opposition from the rulers of the princely states.
202
Who introduced the portfolio system in the Governor-General's Council under the Indian Council Act 1861?
Lord Canning.
203
Under the Indian Council Act 1861, what was the minimum proportion of non-official members among the additional legislative members?
At least half.
204
Who was the President of the Indian National Congress at the time of India's partition?
Acharya J.B. Kripalani.
205
Did the Muslim League accept the Cabinet Mission Plan (1946) initially or participate in the first Constituent Assembly meeting?
No, they rejected the proposal and abstained from the first meeting.
206
What nonviolent resistance movement, known as 'Red Shirts', was formed by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan in the North-West Frontier Province?
Khudai Khidmatgar.
207
What 'weapon' did Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan advocate for the Khudai Khidmatgar movement?
Patience and righteousness.
208
Which commission was appointed to investigate the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and other disturbances in 1919?
Hunter Commission.
209
Which British General ordered troops to fire on the unarmed crowd at Jallianwala Bagh?
Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer.
210
What was the All India States Peoples' Conference (AISPC)?
A conglomeration of political movements (Praja Mandals/Lok Parishads) in the princely states.
211
When did the Indian National Congress begin to formally support the AISPC, with Nehru becoming its president?
1939
212
The Quit India Movement (1942) is also known by which other names?
India August Movement, Bharat Chodo Andolan, August Kranti.
213
Which Viceroy described the Quit India Movement (August Movement) of 1942 as the most serious revolt since the Sepoy Mutiny?
Lord Linlithgow.
214
After the arrest of leaders during Quit India, did the movement die down or continue under mass initiative?
It continued under mass initiative, with significant participation from peasants.
215
What was Gandhi's first successful Satyagraha in India after returning from South Africa?
Champaran Satyagraha (1917).
216
What surprising solution did Gandhi propose to the newly arrived Viceroy Mountbatten in April 1947?
That Jinnah should be asked to form the Central Interim Government with Muslim League members.
217
What was Subhas Chandra Bose's view on supporting Britain or the Axis powers during World War II?
He viewed it as an imperialist war and argued India should support neither, but take advantage to launch Civil Disobedience for freedom.
218
Which prominent Congress leader was stated to be totally in favour of the Cabinet Mission Plan?
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
219
Sardar Patel played a crucial role post-independence in achieving what?
The integration of over 500 princely states into the Indian Union.
220
Which constitutional reforms (Act) were considered the most short-lived?
Morley-Minto Reforms (Indian Councils Act of 1909).
221
What new method was introduced for the first time by the Morley-Minto Reforms (1909)?
Method of election (though limited).
222
Which phrase did the Cabinet Mission Plan (1946) use to describe its proposal for a federal structure?
Federal Union composed of British provinces.
223
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224
The Karachi Congress Session (1931) was conducted shortly after the execution of Bhagat Singh and associates in connection with which case?
Lahore Conspiracy Case (text incorrectly states Kakori Conspiracy case).
225
Which political party did Moderate leaders like S.N. Banerjea, T.B. Sapru, and M.R. Jayakar form in 1919 after splitting from Congress?
Indian National Liberal Federation (INLF).
226
Which socio-political organization submitted a petition in 1875 demanding direct Indian representation in the British Parliament?
Poona Sarvajanik Sabha.
227
Who played a major part in the formation of the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha?
Mahadev Govind Ranade (M.G. Ranade).
228
What was the British intention behind including princely states in the Federal Union proposed by the GoI Act 1935?
To use the princes to counter-balance the anti-imperialist doctrines of the nationalist leaders.
229
Why did the Federation of India proposed by the GoI Act 1935 never come into operation?
Due to opposition from the rulers of the princely states.
230
Who introduced the portfolio system in the Governor-General's Council under the Indian Council Act 1861?
Lord Canning.
231
Under the Indian Council Act 1861, what was the minimum proportion of non-official members among the additional legislative members?
At least half.
232
Who was the President of the Indian National Congress at the time of India's partition?
Acharya J.B. Kripalani.
233
Did the Muslim League accept the Cabinet Mission Plan (1946) initially or participate in the first Constituent Assembly meeting?
No, they rejected the proposal and abstained from the first meeting.
234
What nonviolent resistance movement, known as 'Red Shirts', was formed by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan in the North-West Frontier Province?
Khudai Khidmatgar.
235
What 'weapon' did Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan advocate for the Khudai Khidmatgar movement?
Patience and righteousness.
236
Which commission was appointed to investigate the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and other disturbances in 1919?
Hunter Commission.
237
Which British General ordered troops to fire on the unarmed crowd at Jallianwala Bagh?
Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer.
238
What was the All India States Peoples' Conference (AISPC)?
A conglomeration of political movements (Praja Mandals/Lok Parishads) in the princely states.
239
When did the Indian National Congress begin to formally support the AISPC, with Nehru becoming its president?
1939
240
The Quit India Movement (1942) is also known by which other names?
India August Movement, Bharat Chodo Andolan, August Kranti.
241
Which Viceroy described the Quit India Movement (August Movement) of 1942 as the most serious revolt since the Sepoy Mutiny?
Lord Linlithgow.
242
After the arrest of leaders during Quit India, did the movement die down or continue under mass initiative?
It continued under mass initiative, with significant participation from peasants.
243
What was Gandhi's first successful Satyagraha in India after returning from South Africa?
Champaran Satyagraha (1917).
244
What surprising solution did Gandhi propose to the newly arrived Viceroy Mountbatten in April 1947?
That Jinnah should be asked to form the Central Interim Government with Muslim League members.
245
What was Subhas Chandra Bose's view on supporting Britain or the Axis powers during World War II?
He viewed it as an imperialist war and argued India should support neither, but take advantage to launch Civil Disobedience for freedom.
246
Which prominent Congress leader was stated to be totally in favour of the Cabinet Mission Plan?
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
247
Sardar Patel played a crucial role post-independence in achieving what?
The integration of over 500 princely states into the Indian Union.
248
Which constitutional reforms (Act) were considered the most short-lived?
Morley-Minto Reforms (Indian Councils Act of 1909).
249
What new method was introduced for the first time by the Morley-Minto Reforms (1909)?
Method of election (though limited).
250
Which phrase did the Cabinet Mission Plan (1946) use to describe its proposal for a federal structure?
Federal Union composed of British provinces.
251
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252
Which constitutional reforms (Act) are considered the most short-lived of Britain's experiments in India?
Morley-Minto Reforms (Indian Councils Act of 1909).
253
What was a primary aim of the Morley-Minto Reforms (1909)?
To extend Provincial Assemblies and increase Indian participation in governance.
254
Which nationalist leader described the Moderate methods of 'Prayer, Petition, and Protest' as 'political mendicancy'?
Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
255
Who was one of the first leaders to stand for 'Swaraj' or Self-Rule and popularized the quote "Swarajya is my birthright and I shall have it"?
Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
256
The Rowlatt Act (1919) was officially titled...?
The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act, 1919.
257
What power did the Rowlatt Act give the British government regarding imprisonment?
Power to imprison any person accused of conspiring their overthrow for up to two years without trial.
258
The Rowlatt Satyagraha (1919) was the first action on an all-India level initiated by whom?
Mahatma Gandhi.
259
Where did Mahatma Gandhi go on August 9, 1947, amidst communal violence, pledging to protect minorities?
Calcutta.
260
When the Muslim League joined the Interim Government (1946), who was allocated the Finance portfolio?
Liaquat Ali Khan.
261
Name the five portfolios allocated to the Muslim League when they joined the Interim Government.
Commerce (Chundrigar), Finance (Liaquat Ali Khan), Health (Ghazanfar Ali Khan), Law (Jogendra Nath Mandal), Posts and Air (Abdur Rab Nishtar).
262
Which incident of violence on February 5, 1922, prompted Gandhi to withdraw the Non-Cooperation movement?
Chauri-Chaura incident.
263
Where did the Congress Working Committee meet in February 1922 to resolve the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Bardoli.
264
Besides the Chauri-Chaura incident, what were other reasons for the Non-Cooperation Movement losing steam by 1922?
Signs of fatigue among participants; dissipation of the central Khilafat question.
265
What event in Turkey (November 1922) led to the dissipation of the Khilafat issue?
The people of Turkey under Mustafa Kamal Pasha deprived the Sultan of political power.
266
While the Khilafat movement brought urban Muslims into the national movement, what negative impact did it also have on national politics?
It communalized national politics to an extent.
267
Why were Muslims angered by the treatment of Turkey after World War I?
Turkey was dismembered and the Khalifa (Caliph) was removed from power.
268
When did the Khilafat Committee formally launch its campaign of non-cooperation?
August 31, 1920.
