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Company Rule Flashcards

1
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A
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2
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3
Q

In the Ryotwari Settlement, were peasants generally exempt from revenue payment during bad harvests or natural calamities?

A

No, there was no general provision for exemption, and farmers were often forced to pay even during famines.

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4
Q

Under the Permanent Settlement (Bengal, 1793), what happened if a Zamindar failed to pay revenues by the fixed date?

A

Their land would be auctioned off.

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5
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Which Act is considered the final step towards centralisation in British India, appointing the GG of Bengal as GG of India?

A

Charter Act of 1833.

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6
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Who was the first Governor General of India?

A

Lord William Bentinck.

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7
Q

The Charter Act of 1833 is also known by which other names?

A

Saint Helena Act 1833 or Government of India Act 1833.

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8
Q

Which Act transferred control of Saint Helena from the EIC to the Crown?

A

Charter Act of 1833 (Saint Helena Act).

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9
Q

Which Act ended the East India Company’s commercial monopoly, except for tea and trade with China?

A

Charter Act of 1813.

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10
Q

Which British archaeologist found gold diadems at Adichanallur?

A

Alexander Rea.

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11
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Which Scottish archaeologist, Director-General of the ASI, published volumes on Indian architecture?

A

James Burgess.

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12
Q

Which Scottish civil servant excavated at Amaravati in 1845?

A

Sir Walter Elliot.

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13
Q

Where did the Dutch establish their first factory in India (1605)?

A

Masaulipatam (Masulipatam) in Andhra Pradesh.

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14
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Which port did the Dutch capture from the Portuguese to make it their main stronghold in South India?

A

Nagapatam (near Madras).

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15
Q

Which dynasty, founded by Kapilendra Deva, ruled Kalinga (Odisha) and surrounding regions from c. 1435-1541 CE?

A

Gajapati dynasty.

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16
Q

Who is considered the real founder of Portuguese power in the East, acquiring Goa in 1510?

A

Alfonso de Albuquerque (Viceroy 1509-1515).

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17
Q

When did the British EIC establish a factory in Madras, leasing land from Vijayanagara representatives (Nayakas)?

A

1639

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18
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Who are considered the founders of Madras, beginning construction of Fort St. George in 1640?

A

Francis Day and Andrew Cogan.

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19
Q

From which English monarch did the EIC acquire its initial charter granting sole trading rights with the East (1600)?

A

Queen Elizabeth I.

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20
Q

Where did the English EIC first attempt to open a factory in 1608?

A

Surat.

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21
Q

By 1619, the English EIC had established factories in which locations?

A

Surat, Agra, Ahmedabad, and Broach.

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22
Q

Were Chicacole and Trichinopoly locations of English EIC factories in the early 17th century?

A

No.

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23
Q

The state of Arcot emerged as independent following the decline of which empire?

A

Mughal Empire.

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24
Q

The Mysore state rose to prominence under which dynasty, initially as a vassal of Vijayanagar?

A

Wadiyar dynasty.

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25
The state of Rohilkhand emerged in 1721 in the area of which modern districts?
Rampur, Bareilly, etc..
26
What major economic transformation in England during the 18th century significantly impacted India's economy?
The Industrial Revolution.
27
What was the impact of the British Industrial Revolution and EIC policies on Indian traditional industries like weaving?
Deindustrialisation and ruin of traditional livelihoods.
28
Which Act asserted the British Crown's sovereignty over British India, allowing the EIC to retain territories for 20 years?
Charter Act of 1813.
29
Which Act fully ended the EIC's monopoly on tea trade and trade with China?
Charter Act of 1833.
30
Which Act brought the revenues of India under the control of the British Parliament via the Board of Control?
Pitt's India Act of 1784.
31
What major shift occurred in India's export pattern between 1780-1860?
Changed from exporting processed goods to exporting raw materials.
32
What were the main items exported from India in the second quarter of the 19th century?
Raw cotton, opium, and indigo.
33
What does 'Commercialisation of agriculture' mean in the context of British India?
Growing crops primarily for sale in national/international markets, driven by commercial considerations.
34
When did the commercialization of Indian agriculture become prominent, boosted by the American Civil War?
Around 1860 AD.
35
Who founded the Sanskrit College at Benares in 1791?
Jonathan Duncan.
36
Who founded the Calcutta Madrasa in 1781?
Warren Hastings.
37
Who established Fort William College in Calcutta in 1800 to educate civil servants?
Lord Richard Colley Wellesley.
38
What is Charles Wood's Despatch of 1854 often called?
"Magna Carta of English Education in India".
39
What system did Wood's Despatch recommend to encourage private enterprise in education?
Grants-in-aid.
40
Wood's Despatch recommended establishing universities in which three Presidency towns?
Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras.
41
What medium of instruction did Wood's Despatch recommend for higher studies and school level, respectively?
Higher studies: English; School level: Vernacular languages.
42
What was a major political aim of Queen Victoria's Proclamation of 1858 regarding Indian States?
To disclaim any intention of annexing Indian States (reversing Dalhousie's policy).
43
Which administrative change regarding India's governance was declared in Queen Victoria's Proclamation (1858)?
India would be governed by the British Monarch through a Secretary of State, ending EIC rule.
44
In the Ryotwari system, what was the 'patta' given to the peasants?
A registered agreement recognizing their ownership rights over the land.
45
Was land revenue assessment based on soil nature and crop quality introduced by the British?
No, it was introduced by Raja Todarmal during Akbar's regime.
46
Were tobacco and red chilies introduced to India by the English?
No, they were introduced by the Portuguese.
47
What were 'Home Charges' in the context of British India's economy?
Remittances from India to England, covering costs like the India Office, salaries/pensions of British personnel; part of the 'drain of wealth'.
48
Did 'Home Charges' include funds for waging wars outside India?
No.
49
How did British land revenue and forest policies impact tribal communities?
Disrupted traditional agrarian systems, led to loss of land, reduction to labourers, exploitation by moneylenders.
50
Who defeated the Portuguese navy off Surat in 1612, leading to Jahangir granting permission for an English factory?
Captain Thomas Best.
51
Where was the first Municipal Corporation set up in British India (1688)?
Madras.
52
Where was Asia's first Export Processing Zone (EPZ) set up in 1965?
Kandla, Gujarat.
53
What was the first official telegraph line in India, opened in 1851?
Calcutta to Diamond Harbour.
54
List the correct chronological order of arrival in India for the Portuguese, Dutch, English, and French.
Portuguese (1498) -> Dutch (1605) -> English (1608) -> French (1673).
55
Who was the first Governor-General of Bengal (1772-1785)?
Warren Hastings.
56
Which Governor-General of India is most remembered for the abolition of Sati?
Lord William Bentinck.
57
The First Factory Act (1881), prohibiting child labour under 7, was passed during whose administration?
Lord Ripon.
58
Who wrote the book 'Bahubivah' in protest against polygamy?
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.
59
Which Act of Parliament formally ended the rule of the East India Company in 1858?
The Government of India Act 1858 (following Queen Victoria's Proclamation).
60
The Sanyasi Rebellion (1763-1800) was primarily a revolt by which groups led by religious monks?
Displaced peasants and demobilized soldiers.
61
Which famous novel by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay is based on the Sanyasi Rebellion?
Anandmath.
62
Who betrayed Tantia Tope, leading to his capture by the British in 1859?
His trusted friend, Man Singh.
63
The Battle of Ambur (1749), where Anwar-ud-din was defeated and killed, occurred during which conflict?
Second Carnatic War (1749-54).
64
In the Battle of Ambur, which side did the French support?
Muzaffar Jang (Deccan claimant) and Chanda Sahib (Carnatic claimant).
65
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67
Which 1760 battle between the British and French is considered by some historians as the true turning point for British control of India?
Battle of Wandiwash.
68
In which battle (1764) did British forces under Hector Munro defeat the combined armies of Mir Kasim, the Nawab of Awadh, and Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II?
Battle of Buxar.
69
Why was the Battle of Buxar considered particularly significant?
Because the British defeated not only the Nawab of Bengal but also the Mughal Emperor of India.
70
Who fought against the Maratha Empire in the Third Battle of Panipat (1761)?
A coalition led by Ahmad Shah Durrani (King of Afghanistan) including Rohilla Afghans and the Nawab of Oudh.
71
In which battle was Ibrahim Lodi killed by Babur in 1526?
First Battle of Panipat.
72
Tipu Sultan was killed during which war in 1799?
Fourth Anglo-Mysore War.
73
Who were the British Generals who defeated Tipu Sultan in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War?
General Stuart and General Harris.
74
Who were some key figures Robert Clive made a secret alliance with against the Nawab before the Battle of Plassey (1757)?
Mir Jafar, Rai Durlabh, Jagat Seth, Omichand.
75
What treaty concluded the First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-1782)?
Treaty of Salbai (1782).
76
What treaty concluded the Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-1792)?
Treaty of Seringapatam.
77
What treaty concluded the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824-1826)?
Treaty of Yandabo (1826).
78
The Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-1849) was fought between which two powers?
The Sikh Empire and the British East India Company.
79
Which Governor-General (1848-1856) introduced the Doctrine of Lapse?
Lord Dalhousie.
80
What was the Doctrine of Lapse?
Policy annexing princely states under EIC control if the ruler lacked a legal male heir.
81
Name some states annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse, with years.
Satara (1848), Jaitpur & Sambalpur (1849), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1853), Nagpur (1854).
82
Which Act established the First Law Commission of India under Lord Macaulay's chairmanship?
Charter Act of 1833.
83
Which Act empowered the Governor General to nominate one Indian member to the Executive Council?
Indian Councils Act 1909.
84
Who was the first Indian member nominated to the Governor General's Executive Council?
Satyendra Prasanna Sinha.
85
Under the Permanent Settlement, was the issuance of pattas (land deeds) by Zamindars consistently done?
No, non-issuance was rampant.
86
What was the primary aim of the Permanent Settlement introduced by Lord Cornwallis (1793)?
To increase Company revenue and encourage Zamindar investment in agriculture.
87
In the Permanent Settlement, who were designated as the owners of the land?
Zamindars.
88
What Mughal revenue assignment system, given for services, was modified into the Jagir system?
Iqta.
89
In the Ryotwari system, who was the settlement made with directly?
The cultivators (ryots).
90
Which land revenue system, devised by Holt Mackenzie (1822), treated the village (mahal) as the unit for assessment?
Mahalwari settlement.
91
In which region was the Mahalwari system primarily implemented?
North Western Provinces of the Bengal Presidency.
92
Who devised mahalwari suystem
Holt Mackenzie

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