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Geology > late paleozoic lec. 16 > Flashcards

late paleozoic lec. 16 Flashcards

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1
Q

what were 3 main events of late paleozoic

A
  1. rise of gymnosperms rise of reptiles , mass extinction
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2
Q

what type of plants evolved late paleozoic

A

seed plants

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3
Q

what seed plants called

A

gymno sperm

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4
Q

what gymnosperm mean

A

naked seed

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5
Q

what declined when gymnosperms developed

A

lycopods and other typical carboniferous plants

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6
Q

What was the intermediate step between gymnosperm and lycopod

A

heterospores

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7
Q

what do heterospore plants produce?

A

both male and female spores

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8
Q

what evolved as the direct ancestors of gymnosperms?

A

pro gymnosperms

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9
Q

what is the spore bearing generation in gymnosperms

A

the plant itself

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10
Q

where do spore generation of gymnosperm stay

A

with the plant itself and grow from its tissues

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11
Q

what does spore generation of gymnosperm grow into

A

the male (sperm) and female (egg) form of gamete bearing generation

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12
Q

what are gymnosperm gametes known as ?

A

pollen

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13
Q

what happens to pollen of gymnosperm

A

released into air and fertilizes another plant

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14
Q

what does fertilization of gymnosperm plants make

A

seeds with both male and female sets of chromosomes

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15
Q

what big advantage gymnosperms (seed plants) have

A

adapted to drier upland habitats

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16
Q

what sea life was important during Permian period?

A

barrier reefs (el capitan and Midland (delaware)

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17
Q

What important animal arose during late Paleozoic

A

reptiles

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18
Q

What animal declined during late paleozoic

A

amphibians

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19
Q

What disavantage of gymnosperms

A

long time to develop seed and new plant

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20
Q

What 3 factors lead to decline of amphibians in late paleozoic?

A 
formation of pangea (more land)
more dry conditions
more seasonal type weather
superior design of reptiles
evolutionary innovation amniotic egg
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21
Q

what was major evolutionary innovation that gave rise to reptiles

A

amniotic egg

22
Q

what are early reptiles similar too?

A

amphibians

23
Q

what was major difference between early reptiles and amphibians?

A

minor skeletal features

24
Q

What 2 skeletal changes of early reptiles

A

bones in mouth

development inner ear

25
Q

What was most important thing that led to origin of reptiles

A

development of amniotic egg

26
Q

what did reptile amiotic egg free reptiles from

A

depending on water for reproduction (amphibians had to lay their eggs in water

27
Q

what are 3 characteristics of amniotic egg?

A
  1. durable outer shell
  2. large nutritious yoke
  3. two sacs one for embryo one for waste
28
Q

What 2 advances of reptile jaw

A
  1. pressure on closing

2. modified teeth that could slice food

29
Q

What changed in orientation on reptiles body?

A

legs moved to a location more directly underneath the body

30
Q

what did new orientation of legs in reptiles benefit?

A
  1. enhanced speed 2. enhanced mobility
31
Q

what 4 things characterized rise of amphibians and reptiles

A
  1. diplocaulus true amphibian
  2. many varied groups of reptiles
  3. pelycosaurs : sailback finback reptiles
  4. mammal like reptile . therapsids
32
Q

what true amphibian called

A

diplocaulus

33
Q

what mammal like reptile called?

A

therapsid

34
Q

What top carnivore early Permian?

A

finback reptile (pelycosaurs)

35
Q

What most likely purpose of fin on finback reptile?

A

thermoregulation

36
Q

what unlikely purpose of fin on finback reptile?

A

protection

37
Q

what possible purpose of fin on finback reptile?

A

sexual display

38
Q

What were mammal like reptiles called?

A

therapsids

39
Q

What size were early mammal like reptile?

A

small to medium

40
Q

What were the beginnning mammal like features of therapsid reptiles

A
  1. fewer skull bones 2. enlarged lower jaw

3. differentiated specialized teeth 4. more vertical position of legs

41
Q

where therapsids more common on planet?

A

south africa nothern russian

42
Q

What 2 ways teeth differentiated in therapsids?

A
  1. fang like incisors

2. tearing grinding molars

43
Q

What are ectotherms

A

cold bloooded animals

44
Q

what warm blooded animals callled?

A

endothems

45
Q

What big bio event happen by end of Permian?

A

extinction

46
Q

what percent of the world’s species extinct by end permian?

A

96 percent

47
Q

What ratios changed at permian extinction?

A

ratio carbon 13 to carbon 12

48
Q

what likely cause change ratio of carbon at permian extinction mean?

A

volcanic eruptions : carbon 12 went up in atmosphere

49
Q

What increase in carbon 12 at permian extinction cause?

A

increase carbon dioxide , decrease of free oxygen as carbon 12 bound to oxygen

50
Q

what increase in carbon dioxide at permian extinction cause?

A

green house conditions

51
Q

what were 5 likely causes of permian extinction

A
  1. eruption of siberian trapps (evidence of basalt)
  2. rise global temps (greenhouse)
  3. terrestrial life on single continent (not enough diversity)
  4. development of seasons and extreme climates
  5. development of drier uplands

Geology (7 decks)

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