late paleozoic lec. 16

Question 1

what were 3 main events of late paleozoic

Answer 1

1. rise of gymnosperms rise of reptiles , mass extinction

Question 2

what type of plants evolved late paleozoic

Answer 2

seed plants

Question 3

what seed plants called

Answer 3

gymno sperm

Question 4

what gymnosperm mean

Answer 4

naked seed

Question 5

what declined when gymnosperms developed

Answer 5

lycopods and other typical carboniferous plants

Question 6

What was the intermediate step between gymnosperm and lycopod

Answer 6

heterospores

Question 7

what do heterospore plants produce?

Answer 7

both male and female spores

Question 8

what evolved as the direct ancestors of gymnosperms?

Answer 8

pro gymnosperms

Question 9

what is the spore bearing generation in gymnosperms

Answer 9

the plant itself

Question 10

where do spore generation of gymnosperm stay

Answer 10

with the plant itself and grow from its tissues

Question 11

what does spore generation of gymnosperm grow into

Answer 11

the male (sperm) and female (egg) form of gamete bearing generation

Question 12

what are gymnosperm gametes known as ?

Answer 12

pollen

Question 13

what happens to pollen of gymnosperm

Answer 13

released into air and fertilizes another plant

Question 14

what does fertilization of gymnosperm plants make

Answer 14

seeds with both male and female sets of chromosomes

Question 15

what big advantage gymnosperms (seed plants) have

Answer 15

adapted to drier upland habitats

Question 16

what sea life was important during Permian period?

Answer 16

barrier reefs (el capitan and Midland (delaware)

Question 17

What important animal arose during late Paleozoic

Answer 17

reptiles

Question 18

What animal declined during late paleozoic

Answer 18

amphibians

Question 19

What disavantage of gymnosperms

Answer 19

long time to develop seed and new plant

Question 20

What 3 factors lead to decline of amphibians in late paleozoic?

Answer 20

formation of pangea (more land)
more dry conditions
more seasonal type weather
superior design of reptiles
evolutionary innovation amniotic egg

Question 21

what was major evolutionary innovation that gave rise to reptiles

Answer 21

amniotic egg

Question 22

what are early reptiles similar too?

Answer 22

amphibians

Question 23

what was major difference between early reptiles and amphibians?

Answer 23

minor skeletal features

Question 24

What 2 skeletal changes of early reptiles

Answer 24

bones in mouth

development inner ear

Question 25

What was most important thing that led to origin of reptiles

Answer 25

development of amniotic egg

Question 26

what did reptile amiotic egg free reptiles from

Answer 26

depending on water for reproduction (amphibians had to lay their eggs in water

Question 27

what are 3 characteristics of amniotic egg?

Answer 27

1. durable outer shell
2. large nutritious yoke
3. two sacs one for embryo one for waste

Question 28

What 2 advances of reptile jaw

Answer 28

1. pressure on closing

2. modified teeth that could slice food

Question 29

What changed in orientation on reptiles body?

Answer 29

legs moved to a location more directly underneath the body

Question 30

what did new orientation of legs in reptiles benefit?

Answer 30

1. enhanced speed 2. enhanced mobility

Question 31

what 4 things characterized rise of amphibians and reptiles

Answer 31

1. diplocaulus true amphibian
2. many varied groups of reptiles
3. pelycosaurs : sailback finback reptiles
4. mammal like reptile . therapsids

Question 32

what true amphibian called

Answer 32

diplocaulus

Question 33

what mammal like reptile called?

Answer 33

therapsid

Question 34

What top carnivore early Permian?

Answer 34

finback reptile (pelycosaurs)

Question 35

What most likely purpose of fin on finback reptile?

Answer 35

thermoregulation

Question 36

what unlikely purpose of fin on finback reptile?

Answer 36

protection

Question 37

what possible purpose of fin on finback reptile?

Answer 37

sexual display

Question 38

What were mammal like reptiles called?

Answer 38

therapsids

Question 39

What size were early mammal like reptile?

Answer 39

small to medium

Question 40

What were the beginnning mammal like features of therapsid reptiles

Answer 40

1. fewer skull bones 2. enlarged lower jaw

3. differentiated specialized teeth 4. more vertical position of legs

Question 41

where therapsids more common on planet?

Answer 41

south africa nothern russian

Question 42

What 2 ways teeth differentiated in therapsids?

Answer 42

1. fang like incisors

2. tearing grinding molars

Question 43

What are ectotherms

Answer 43

cold bloooded animals

Question 44

what warm blooded animals callled?

Answer 44

endothems

Question 45

What big bio event happen by end of Permian?

Answer 45

extinction

Question 46

what percent of the world’s species extinct by end permian?

Answer 46

96 percent

Question 47

What ratios changed at permian extinction?

Answer 47

ratio carbon 13 to carbon 12

Question 48

what likely cause change ratio of carbon at permian extinction mean?

Answer 48

volcanic eruptions : carbon 12 went up in atmosphere

Question 49

What increase in carbon 12 at permian extinction cause?

Answer 49

increase carbon dioxide , decrease of free oxygen as carbon 12 bound to oxygen

Question 50

what increase in carbon dioxide at permian extinction cause?

Answer 50

green house conditions

Question 51

what were 5 likely causes of permian extinction

Answer 51

1. eruption of siberian trapps (evidence of basalt)
2. rise global temps (greenhouse)
3. terrestrial life on single continent (not enough diversity)
4. development of seasons and extreme climates
5. development of drier uplands