Late Empire

Question 1

Who split the empire after Constantine’s death?

Answer 1

His three sons

Question 2

What years did Constantine II rule?

Answer 2

337-340 A.D.

Question 3

Who was the mother of Constantine’s three sons?

Answer 3

Fausta

Question 4

What territories did Constantine II receive upon his father’s death?

Answer 4

Gaul, Britannia, Hispania, and Mauretania

Question 5

What years did Constans
rule?

Answer 5

337-350 A.D.

Question 6

What happened to Constans in battle?

Answer 6

Defeated in battle against Constans

Question 7

What regions did Constans control?

Answer 7

Italy, Africa, Illyricum, Pannonia, Macedonia, and Achaea

Question 8

What years did Constantius II rule?

Answer 8

337-361 A.D.

Question 9

Who ordered the assassination of Constantius II?

Answer 9

Magnentius

Question 10

What provinces did Constantius II receive?

Answer 10

Eastern provinces, including Constantinople, Thrace, Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Cyrenaica

Question 11

Who fought against Magnentius?

Answer 11

Constantius II

Question 12

What year did Julian rule?

Answer 12

361-363 A.D.

Question 13

What was Julian known as?

Answer 13

The Apostate

Question 14

Who did Julian fight against?

Answer 14

The Persians under Shapur II

Question 15

How did Julian die?

Answer 15

Of a spear wound

Question 16

What years did Jovian rule?

Answer 16

363-364 A.D.

Question 17

What was Jovian’s relation to Constantine’s family?

Answer 17

Unrelated

Question 18

How long did Jovian rule?

Answer 18

8 months

Question 19

What treaty did Jovian negotiate?

Answer 19

A treaty with Shapur II

Question 20

What did Valentinian I do during his rule?

Answer 20

Ruled in the west from 364-375 A.D.

Question 21

What was the fate of Valentinian I?

Answer 21

Died of a stroke

Question 22

Who was Valens?

Answer 22

Brother of Valentinian I

Question 23

At what battle was Valens killed?

Answer 23

The Battle of Adrianople

Question 24

What years did Gratian rule?

Answer 24

375-383 A.D.

Question 25

What significant action did Gratian take regarding religious titles?

Answer 25

Renounced title of pontifex maximus

Question 26

Who was Valentinian II?

Answer 26

Son of Valentinian I

Question 27

What happened to Valentinian II?

Answer 27

Defeated and probably killed by Arbogast

Question 28

What years did Theodosius I rule?

Answer 28

379-392 A.D. in the east; 392-395 A.D. in all empire

Question 29

What was Theodosius I's major military achievement?

Answer 29

Defeated the usurpers at the Battle of the Frigidus River

Question 30

What was Theodosius I's significance in relation to Christianity?

Answer 30

Made Christianity the official state religion of the empire

Question 31

What did Theodosius I do to pagan temples?

Answer 31

Closed all pagan temples

Question 32

Who was Constantine I?

Answer 32

The Great, emperor from 306-337 A.D. ## Footnote Son of Constantius Chlorus and Helena, proclaimed emperor in Eboracum (York) after his father's death.

Question 33

What significant battle did Constantine I win in 312 A.D.?

Answer 33

The Battle of Milvian Bridge ## Footnote He defeated Maxentius, which helped him gain control of the west.

Question 34

What phrase is associated with Constantine I's vision before the Battle of Milvian Bridge?

Answer 34

In hoc signo vinces ## Footnote Translated from Greek words 'Ev Toúr Nika,' meaning 'In this sign, you shall conquer.'

Question 35

What was the Edict of Milan?

Answer 35

A decree issued in 313 A.D. that legalized Christianity across the Roman Empire. ## Footnote This was a significant milestone for religious tolerance.

Question 36

What major event did the Council of Nicaea address in 325 A.D.?

Answer 36

The Arian controversy ## Footnote This council aimed to resolve theological disputes regarding the nature of Christ.

Question 37

What city became the capital of the Roman Empire under Constantine I?

Answer 37

Constantinople ## Footnote Formerly known as Byzantium, it was established as the new capital in 330 A.D.

Question 38

Fill in the blank: Constantine I was baptized shortly before his _______.

Answer 38

death in 337 A.D.

Question 39

Who were the main opponents of Constantine I during his rise to power?

Answer 39

Maxentius and Licinius ## Footnote Maxentius was defeated at the Milvian Bridge, and Licinius was defeated in 324 A.D.

Question 40

What notable action did Constantine I take regarding his family?

Answer 40

Executed his eldest son Crispus and his second wife Fausta. ## Footnote These executions occurred around 326 A.D.

Question 41

Who was Maxentius?

Answer 41

Son of Maximian and opponent of Constantine I from 306-312 A.D. ## Footnote He seized power in opposition to Constantine and Severus.

Question 42

Who was Licinius and what was his role?

Answer 42

An emperor who opposed Constantine and was appointed Augustus in the west and later in the east. ## Footnote He ruled from 308-323 A.D.

Question 43

What did Constantine I achieve by defeating Licinius?

Answer 43

He became the emperor of the whole Roman Empire. ## Footnote The final defeat of Licinius occurred at Adrianople and Chrysopolis in 324 A.D.

Question 44

Fill in the blank: Maximian was the father of _______.

Answer 44

Maxentius

Question 45

What was the significance of the year 310 A.D. for Maximian?

Answer 45

He forced his own suicide by Constantine I. ## Footnote Maximian attempted to regain the throne but failed.

Question 46

What was the relationship between Galerius and Licinius?

Answer 46

Galerius appointed Licinius as Augustus to oppose Maxentius ## Footnote Licinius was also appointed after Galerius' death in 311 A.D.

Question 47

Who was Maximinus Daia?

Answer 47

An emperor who ruled from 311-313 A.D. and was defeated by Licinius. ## Footnote He became the sole eastern emperor after his defeat.

Question 48

What is notable about Constantine I's descent?

Answer 48

He was said to be descended from Claudius Gothicus through his father. ## Footnote This lineage was often highlighted to legitimize his rule.