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Aging > Late Adulthood > Flashcards

Late Adulthood Flashcards

1
Q

Functional Age

A

Actual competence and performance

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2
Q

Life expectancy Crossover

A

Surviving low SES minorities live longer than white majority

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3
Q

Maximum lifespan

A

122 years

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4
Q

Instrumental Activities of Daily Life

A

Necessary to conduct everyday business and require cognitive competemce

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5
Q

2 brain areas that decrease

A

Frontal lobe

Corpus callosum

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6
Q

Cataracts

A

Cloudy areas in the lens

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7
Q

Macular Degeneration

A

Light sensitive cells in the macula breakdown and vision is eventually lost

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8
Q

Compression of morbidity

A

As life expectancy extends, we want the average period of diminished vigor before detah to decrease

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9
Q

Vitamins to protect bones

A

Vitamin D, calcium

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10
Q

Vitamins for immune system

A

Zinc, B6, C, E

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11
Q

Vitamins to prevent free radicals

A

A, C, E

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12
Q

Emphysema

A

Loss of elasticity in lung tissue

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13
Q

Primary Aging

A

Genetically influenced declines that are inevitable

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14
Q

Secondary Aging

A

Declines due to hereditary defects and environmental influence

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15
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Deteriorating cartilage on the ends of bones of frequently used joints

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16
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Effects whole body. Autoimmune response resulting in inflammation of connective tissue

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17
Q

Eriksons stage for late adulthood

A

Integrity vs. Despair

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18
Q

Integrity vs. Despair

A

Coming to terms with life. Integrity means feeling whole complete and satisfied with achievements

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19
Q

Pecks 3 tasks of Ego Integrity

A

Ego differentiation
Body Transcendance
Ego transcendance

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20
Q

Erikson’s Gerotrancedance

A

Cosmic perspective directed forward and outward beyond self

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21
Q

Cognitive Affective Complexity

A

Coordination of negative and positive emotions

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22
Q

Affect Optimization

A

Ability to maximize positive emotion and dampen negative

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23
Q

Life review

A

Goal of self- understanding

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24
Q

Dependancy- Support Script

A

Dependant behaviours attended to immediately

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25
Q

Independance- Ignore Script

A

Independant behaviours are mostly ignored

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26
Q

Disengagement Theory

A

Mutual withdrawl of an old person and society in anticipation of death

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27
Q

Activity Theory

A

Social Barriers to engagement, not desires of aging adult, cause declining rates of interaction

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28
Q

Continuity Theory

A

Aging adults strive to maintain a personla system that promotes life satisfaction, ensuring continuity between past and future

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29
Q

Socioemotional Selectivity Theory

A

Social interaction extends lifelong selection processes– maintain a few close relationships

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30
Q

% of falls resulting in serious injury

A

10%

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31
Q

Dementia

A

Set of disorders occuring almost entirly in old age, thought and behaviour are impaired and everyday activites are interrupted

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32
Q

% of seniors wth dementia

A

13%– 50% by age 90

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33
Q

Alzheimers

A

Most common dementia– structural and chemical brain deterioration associated with gradual loss of thought and behaviour

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34
Q

Alzheimers prevalence

A

8-10%

35
Q

Earliest symptoms of alzheimers

A

severe memory problems

36
Q

2 major structural changes in alzheimer brains

A

Neurofibrillary tangles

Amyloid plaques

37
Q

Neurofibrillary tangles

A

Bundles of twisted threads that are the product of collapsed neural structures that contain abnormal protein tau

38
Q

Amyloid plaque

A

Dense deposits of deteriorated protein called amyloid surrounded by clumps of dead nerve and glial cells

39
Q

Familial alzheimers

A

Early onset and progresses more rapidly

40
Q

Chromosomes in familial alz.

A

1
14
21

41
Q

Sporadic Alzheimers

A

Abnormal levels of Apo4 effects expression of gene that regulates insulin

42
Q

Apo4

A

Blood protein that carries cholesterol through body

43
Q

Immune Globulin

A

Blood product delivered intravenously containing antibodies against harmful amyloids– improves cognition and reduces amyloid buildup

44
Q

Insulin nasal spray

A

Regulates neuronal use of glucose

45
Q

Alzheimer drugs increase neurotransmitters

A

ACTH

Serotonin

46
Q

Respite

A

Time away from providing care

47
Q

Cerebrovascular Dementia

A

Series of strokes leaves areas of dead brain cells, producing degeneration of mental ability following each stroke

48
Q

% of dementia cases that are cerebrovascular

A

10-20%

49
Q

% of healthcare on seniors

A

40%

50
Q

Assisted living

A

Homelike housing arrangement for seniors who require more care than at home, but less than nursing home– more cost effective

51
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

Biologically based information processing skills– limits ability when lost

52
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Culturally based knowledge– only shows modest decline

53
Q

Selective optimization with compensation

A

Select personally valued activities to optimize returns from dimished energy- find ways to compensate for losses

54
Q

Episodic memory

A

Recall of everyday events– worsens in old age

55
Q

Temporal memory

A

Recall of order in which events occurred suffers

56
Q

Implicit memory

A

Memory without conscious awareness

57
Q

Associative memory

A

Binding information into complex memories

58
Q

Associative memory deficit

A

Difficulty creating and retrieving links between pieces of information– pairings

59
Q

Elaboration

A

Relating word pairs by generating a sentence linking them– improves associative memory

60
Q

Remote meory

A

Very long-term recall

61
Q

Reminicence bump

A

Period of heightened autobiographical memory– 10-30

62
Q

Prospective memory

A

Remembering to engage in planned actions in the future

63
Q

2 language production lossses

A

Retrieval of words from long term memory

Planning what to say and how to say it

64
Q

Wisdom

A

Breadth and depth of practical knowledge, emotional maturity and altruistic creativity

65
Q

Terminal decline

A

Acceleration of deterioration of cognitive functioning prior to death

66
Q

Life space

A

Where person spends days and nights. Potentially boundless but limited by time, money and health

67
Q

Mobility

A

Ability to move freely through life space

68
Q

Programmed movement

A

Executed sequence of contraction and relaxation of muscles

69
Q

Balance

A

Set of strategies employed to maintain stability

70
Q

Normal balance

A

Ability to correct an unexpected large displacement in a short time

71
Q

Instability

A

Impairment of ability to correct displacement while moving through space

72
Q

Slip

A

Acceleration and forward extension of leg, backward movement of trunk

73
Q

Trip

A

Flexion of extending limb, forward moveemnt of trunk

74
Q

Ichaemia

A

Insufficent blood supply to organ

75
Q

Drop attack

A

Unexpected and unexplained fall during walking, followed by a difficulty rising

76
Q

Falls

A

Force and speed of displacement exceed response of balance mechanisms

77
Q

Inverse care law

A

The more common a condition s, the less attention is devoted to it

78
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful urination

79
Q

Normal bladder function

A

100mL/hour

80
Q

Awareness of bladder 3 stages

A

Sensation of fulness- 300mL
Discomfort- 600
Desperate- 750

81
Q

4 mechanisms of incontinence

A

High pressure
Incompetent sphincter
Obstruction of outlet
Inert detrusor muscle

82
Q

Brain failure

A

Brain functions abnormally as a result of change in brain tissue or functional change in its nutrition

83
Q

Intrinsic brain failure

A

Develops slowly and runs a long progressive course

84
Q

Extrinsic brain failure

A

Develops rapidly and runs short reversible course

Aging (6 decks)

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